Water purification methods

water purification in community health nursing

1. WATER PURIFICATION METHODS

2. Natural purification methods Aeration Oxidation Filtration through layers of soil Aquatic animals Evaporation Flow of wate r

3. PURIFICATION AT SMALL SCALE

4. 1. DOMESTIC FILTER A . CLOTH FILTER

5. B. CERAMIC FILTER

6. INSTUCTIONS TO USE THE FILTER CANDLE

7. C. ULTRA VIOLET FILTER

8. PARTS OF ULTRA VIOLET FILTER Pre filter Activated carbon Ultra violet chamber Electronic monitoring system

9. 2. BOILING Advantages: Simple and effective method of purification Will kill many waterborne bacteria through the intense heat Uses local available materials Disadvantages: Can sometimes be difficult, time consuming, and cost inefficient because of the high volume of fuel used Will not remove mud from ‘murky’ water Will not remove suspended or dissolved compounds

10. 3. CHEMICAL PROCESS BLEACHING POWDER

11. Advantages: Easy to use method of chemical purification of water Effective at killing bacteria and viruses Inexpensive Disadvantages: Not effective at killing all parasites. Complex compounds can form with organic material which over time can be hazardous to health. It is best to use the water in a shorter period of time and store it in a plastic container in a cool and shaded place.

12. CHLORINE SOLUTION

13. CHLORINE TABLET Halazone tablet is available in the market. Good to disinfect the small quantities of water. Costly. 0.5 g sufficient to disinfect 20 liter of water.

14. INSTRUCTIONS TO USE CHLORINE TABLET

15. ALUM

16. IODINE Emergency method to disinfect the water. Two drops of iodine with 2% ethanol solution sufficient for I liter of water. Larger amount will stimulate thyroid activity.

17. POTTASIUM PERMANGANATE No longer recommended for disinfection of water. It will alter the color, smell and taste of water.