Water Supply

Water Supply

1. Ankit Shukla
ACA, Agra

2. Why Treat Water?
Uses of Water
Water Supply System
Sources of Water
Water Treatment
Water Storage
Distribution System

3. Society realized long ago that human health and
the welfare of the general population are
improved if public water supplies are treated
prior to use.
Nearly all structures require a water supply.
Appropriate flow rate, pressure, and water
quality are necessary for effective use.

4. Bathing
Toilets
Cleaning
Food preparation
Cooling
Fire protection
Industrial purposes
Drinking water = Potable water
©iStockphoto.com

5. MAIN SOURCES
OF
WATER

6. Aquifers (Groundwater)
•Primary source of drinking water
•Porous consolidated rock or
unconsolidated soil
•Groundwater fills spaces
•Wells and pumps used to remove
water
Aquifer
Courtesy USGS at
http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1139/htdocs/boxa.htm
This image was reproduced from groundwater.org with the permission of
The Groundwater Foundation. © 2010 The Groundwater Foundation. All
Rights Reserved

7. Surface Water
•Lakes, reservoirs, rivers
•Rivers dammed to create reservoirs
•Reservoirs store water during heavy
rain/snow
Courtesy NASA
http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/surface_hydrology/water_ma
nagement.html
Courtesy USDA
http://www.ks.nrcs.usda.gov/news/highlights/2006_april.html
Lake Tuscaloosa Dam
©iStockphoto.com

8. PERCENTAG
E OF WATER
USED DAILY

10. Amount of treatment
depends on quality of the
source
Ground water requires less
treatment than surface
water
The city of Salem water treatment
facility withdraws water from the
North Santiam River.
Courtesty USGS http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3069/

11. Pumped to Storage Tank
•Storage
•Water pressure
opsi
o1 psi = 2.31 feet of water
NOAA
http://www.csc.noaa.gov/alternatives/infrastructure.html

12. WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

13. Consists of water lines,
fittings, valves, service lines,
meters, and fire hydrants
Loop system more desirable
than branch system
◦Isolation valves
◦Water flows in more than
one direction LOOP
SYSTEM
BRANCH
SYSTEM

14. INDIRECT WATER
SUPPLY
•Water
going to
overhead
tank and
then the
water is
supplied to
different
floors by
gravity

15. Water distribution
system

16. WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

17. Typical new system pipe
◦Thermoplastic or ductile iron
◦Reinforced concrete in larger mains
Older system pipe
◦Cast-iron or asbestos cement
Typical distribution pressure of 65 –75 psi
Designed for less than 150 psi wikimedia

18. Residential, commercial, and
industrial facilities
Residential
◦Min. distribution pressure = 40 psi
◦Max. distribution pressure = 80 psi
Pressure-reducing valve
Commercial or industrial facilities
◦May require higher pressure
◦Pumps can increase pressure
©iStockphoto.com
©iStockphoto.com

19. TYPES OF FITTINGS

20. HOLLOW PIPES

21. GALVANISED IRON (G. I .
PIPES)

22. LEAD
PIPES

23. PVC PIPES

24. JOINTS

25. JOINTS

26. GATE
VALVE

27. GLOBE
VALVE

28. RELIEF AND FLOAT
VALVE

29. TAP OR BIB
COCK

30. STOP
COCK

31. VARIOUS FITTINGS –GLOBE
VALVE

32. STOP TAP

33. VARIOUS VALVES , TUBES AND
PIPES
PTFE Tape
12m Pk of
10
Pegler
Washing
Machine
Tap 15mm
x ¾""
Pegler
Gate Valve
22mm
Pegler
Double
Check
Valve
15mm
Pegler Ball
Valve Red
15mm
Micro bore
Copper
Tube
10mm ×
25m
Copper
Tube
15mm ×
20m
Copper
Pipe Clips
22mm

34. ELECTRICAL
MOTORS