Weather forecasting

its a presentation about weather forecasting

1. Weather Forecasting

2. Procedures of Weather forecasting Brief information about weather forecasting information centre Tools in weather forecasting Types of weather forecasting Conclusion Source Contents

3. The weather forecasting has now become a science and it is performed by adopting the following procedures (steps) : 1. recording of weather data (temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction, cloud forms, humidity and precipitation, visibility, storms etc.) 2. collection of weather data from weather recording (observations centers) stations scattered world over including both land and ocean surfaces 3.transmission of weather data collected form major weather stations to sub centers . Procedures of Weather forecasting

4. 4. Compilation of weather data. 5. Plotting of weather data on maps and daily weather records, synoptic charts etc. 6.Analysis of weather charts ansd maps with the help of electronic computers etc. 7. Final forecasting of weather and numerical modeling .

5. Observatories& meteorological station Ship based observation centre Radar stations Upper air weather stations Three major international centre 9500+ 7400+ 600+ 2300+ Washington D.C. Moscow Melbourne Brief information about weather forecasting centre (source : climatology by Savindra Singh)

6. RADIOSONDES It is an instrument that is carried aloft by a balloon to send back information on atmospheric temperature, pressure and humidity by means a small radio transmitter Tools in weather forecasting

7. Weather satellites

8. The moset significant device is weather satellite of different kinds attached with different types of sensors for specific purposes and having varying orbital paths around the earth. The first weather satellite , named TIROS-I was launched in 1960 The sensors which are attached with satellites send back to the images of clouds to earth's centre .

9. Geosynchronous Satellites Same rate of movement around the earth as that of the rotational speed of the earth. These are fixed at the altitude of 35,786 kilometers from the sea level These are called high altitude satellites . Provide scanned pictures of larger areas. These having imaging sensors instruments that provides thermal variations of the atmosphere, moisture etc. Example: ATS series and GOES series weather satelites . Weather Satellites ( on the basis of orbital paths )

10. GOES & ATS

11. These are positioned after their launching by rockets at the latitude ranging between 800 to 1500 kilometers These are also known as low latitude satelites these having sounding sensors naming ADVANCED VERY HIGH RESOLUTION RADIOMETER (AVHRR) Example: TIROS and NOAA Polar orbiting satellites

12. NOAA & TIROS

13. These are useful tools to obtain detailed information about clouds and storms mainly cyclones , tornadoes, hurricanes. RADAR

14. On the basis of duration of the validity of forecasts into three types as follows : 1.Short range weather forecasts 2.Medium range weather forecasts 3. Long range weather forecasts TYPES OF WEATHER FORECASTING

15. Most useful predictions of weather wherein forecasts valid from few hours to48 hours and sometime 72 hours Based on maps weather charts , satellite images Determines change of atmospheric weather of a specific location Persistent method & continuity methods are applied . Helps in transportation and fishermen . Short-range weather forecasts

16. It covers the time span from 3days to 3 weeks. This prediction is helpful for farmers This prediction is done by calculating the average of past and present weather condition. Medium range weather forecasts

17. It covers a time span from a fortnight to a season of the year. These are basically statements ,exact accuracy is minimum . Not so detailed information. Long range weather forecasts

18. Aviation forecasts Shipping forecasts Local forecasts Agricultural-based forecasts On the basis of specific purposes for differenet segements of society into following four types:

19. With the advancement of technology weather forecasting has developed to its level best, but there is yet to develop, as far as a nature is so unpredictable . Natural calamity and weather disturbances causing devastating destructions surprisingly. To save our mother earth scientist and meteorologist are also advancing their knowledge about weather forecasting. Conclusion

20. Climatology ; Savindra Singh Climatology ;D.S.Lal Wikipedia Google images Microsoft office 2007 Source

21. Suddhasil Bose Thanking You