Week 1 Lecture 1 education unit fnu.pptx

notes

1. HIS402-Week 1-Lecture 2 BRIEF OVERVIEW OF HISTORICAL EVENTS- 20 th CENTURY

2. 1896-William Jennings Bryan(Democrat) loses U.S. elections to William McKinley(Republican) 1896-large scale gold mining in South Africa’s Witwatersrand 1899-start of the Boer War 1901-Assassination of McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt becomes President of United States 1910- start of Mexican Revolution

3. 1911-overthrow of Qing Dynasty: declaration of Chinese Republic 1912 –Theodore Roosevelt splits Republican Party; Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) elected President of United States 1914- start of World War 1: France, Britain, Italy (from 1915), Russia (until 1917), and America (from 1917) vs Germany, Austria, Turkey 1917 – Kerensky’s Russian Revolution 1917- Balfour Declaration

4. 1917 – Lenin’s Russian Revolution (November) 1918 – end of World War 1; overthrow of German Emperor (“Kaiser”); establishment of “Weimer Republic” 1919 – Communist uprising in Germany “ Spartikist Rebellion” 1919 – Treaty of Versailles to settle affairs after World War 1 1919 – Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 1921 – Lenin adopts the “New Economic Policy”: a small scale return to the market

5. 1922 – Mussolini marches into Rome; establishes first fascist regime 1923 – French and Belgian troops occupy Germany’s Ruhr Valley to try to force reparations payments 1923 – end of German hyperinflation: $1=4,000,000,000,000 RM 1923 – German World War 1 General Erich Ludendorff and Adolf Hitler attempt coup – “Beer Hall Putsch” 1924 – death of Lenin

6. 1925- death of Sun Yatsen 1925 – Great Britain returns to the gold standard 1926 – General S trike in Great Britain 1927 – Chiang Kaishek’s Kuomintang double crosses his Communist allies; massacres in Shanghai 1927 – Stalin expels Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev from the Communist Party 1928 – Chiang Kaishek launches ‘Northern Expedition’

7. 1928 – launching of First Five Year Plan in Soviet Union 1929 – drive to ‘collectivize’ agriculture in the Soviet Union; start of terror famine in the Ukraine 1929 – the Wall Street stock market crash; start of the Great Depression 1930 – Gandhi’s Salt March 1931 – German Social Democratic Party rejects proposals to plan a “New Deal” for Germany 1932 – election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt as President of United States 1933 – Adolf Hitler becomes the last Chancellor of Germany’s Weimar Republic

8. 1933 -year of the Great Depression 1934- start of Mao Zedong’s Long March 1935- Franklin Delano Roosevelt proposes and Congress passes first, the Social Security Act and then the National Labor Relations Act 1936- Francisco Franco attempts to overthrow the Spanish Republic; start of the Spanish Civil War 1937 – U.S. Supreme Court declares NLRA constitutional: “the switch in time that saved nine”

9. 1937 – Marco Polo bridge incident; start of World War II in Asia 1939- final victory by Franco in Spanish Civil War 1939 – start of World War II in Europe; Nazi-Soviet Pact; Nazi invasion of Poland 1940- Fall of Denmark, Norway, France to Nazis 1940- Churchill as PM of GBritain 1941 – Nazi invasion of Soviet Union 1941- imperial Japanese attack on Pearl Habour

10. 1942- ‘The End of the Beginning’: Battles of Midway, Guadalcanal, El Alamein, ‘Operation Torch’, and ‘Operation Uranus’: Stalingrad 1944 – Bretton Woods Conference: agreement to start the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank 1945 – Yalta and Potsdam Conferences shape post World War II world; Germany partitioned 1945 – Labour Party first wins in British House of Commons 1945- death of Franklin Delano Roosevelt; Harry S Truman becomes United States president

11. 1945 – US atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1947 - Churchill gives ‘Iron Curtain’ speech at Westminster College; Harry S Truman begins the ‘Cold War’ with the Truman Doctrine; 1947 - India and Pakistan gain independence from Great Britain 1947 - George Marshall proposes the Marshall Plan 1948 – Stalinist coup in Czechoslovakia 1948 – Stalin expels Yugoslavia from the Cominform 1948- State of Israel created 1948- Mahatma Ghandi assassinated

12. 1949-proclamation of the People’s Republic of China 1950 – Stalin slips Kim II Sung’s leash : the Korean War begins 1951 – Treaty of Paris creates the European Coal and Steel Community 1955- Soviet Union joins nuclear club 1956 – Krushchev’s Secret Speech denouncing Joseph Stalin 1956 – Israel, France, Britain attack Egypt 1956 – Hungarian Revolt against Soviet Union

13. 1957- Treaty of Rome creates the European Economic Community of the six 1957- launch of spaceship Sputnik 1958- Mao Zedong launches the Great Leap Forward 1959- Lushan Plenum in China: Disgrace of Marshal Peng Dehuai 1961 – construction of Berlin Wall 1962 – Cuban Missile Crisis 1963 – assassination of President John F Kennedy

14. 1964- C ivil R ights Act in USA 1964 – overthrow of Nikita Krushchev ; replaced by Leonid Breznev 1964- Gulf of Tonkin incident-off coast of Vietnam 1965 – Lyndon Johnson 1965- Overthrow of Sukarno in Indonesia; massacres of Indonesian communists; rise of Suharto 1966 – Mao Zedong launches Cultural Revolution in China 1970s- start of internet 1973- Syria and Egypt attack Israel on Yom Kippur

15. 1974- President Nixon resigns as US president 1975- fall of South Vietnam 1975 – Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares state of emergency 1975- death of Mao Zedong 1978- the ‘Southern Expedition’ of Deng Xiaoping 1979- Margaret Thatcher Prime Minister of Great Britain 1979- Khomeini’s Iranian Revolution 1979- Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan which eventually led to rise of Taliban

16. 1981- Ronald Reagan becomes President of US 1982 – the ‘Volcker Deflation’: deepest post World War II global recession (until now) 1985- Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power in Soviet Union: ‘glasnost & perestroika’ 1989- fall of Berlin Wall 1989- Tienanmen Square massacre in China 1990- Nelson Mandela released from prison 1991- end of Soviet Union 1993-William J Clinton becomes President of US-(only second Democratic President since1968)

17. 1993-US,Canada & Mexico ratify NAFTA (North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement) 1994- Mexico pesos crisis 1994-Apartheid rule ends in South Africa 1995- adoption of Euro currency Mid-1990s-Kosovo Wars 1998- East Asian financial crisis 1998- US embassy bombings by Al Qaeda 1999- Vladimir Putin becomes Acting President of Russian Federation 2000- collapse of dot-com bubble 2001- George W Bush becomes President of US 2001-9/11- bombing of twin towers US Trade Centre; and inauguration of war on terror 2008- start of largest post World War II economic recession

18. The end