Week 1A Introduction to Computers and Digital Systems.pdf

Introduction to Computers and Digital Systems

1. Information Technology &
Computer Science
CSC1101
Week 1
Introduction to
Computers

2. Information Technology &
Computer Science
CSC1101
Ice-Breaking
Who are you?
Why are you here?
What are you expecting?
What is your dream?

3. Information Technology &
Computer Science
CSC1101
How much do you know about
computers?
What have you used computers
for?

4. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-4
Course Structure
Lecture: 4hr/week
Tutorial:2hr/week
Evaluation Format
Assignment 1 –25%
Assignment 2 –25%
Mid Term Test –20% -Week 4
Final Examination –30%
Final Examination Format
Duration: 2 hours
Section A (25 marks): Answer 25 multiple choice questions.
Section B (45 marks): Answer 4 structured-type questions.
Section C (30 Marks): Answer 2 out of 3 essay-type questions.
Text Reference:
BASIC TEXT: Vermaat, ME, Sebok, SL, Freund, SM,
Campbell, JT, & Frydenberg, M. Discovering Computers
2018: Digital Technology, Data, and Devices. 1st ed.,
Cengage Learning, 2017.

5. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-5
Today’s Technology
•Because technology changes, you must keep up
with the changes to remain digitally literate.
•Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge
and understanding of computers, mobile devices,
the web, and related technologies.

6. 1-6
Today’s Technology
Figure 1-1 People use a variety of computers, mobile devices, and apps
every day.

7. 1-7
Computers (1 of 5)
A computeris an electronic device, operating under its own
memory, that can accept DATA(input), process DATA
according to specified rules, produce INFORMATION(output)
and store INFORMATION for future use.
Store
Information

8. 1-8
Computers (2 of 5)
•Laptop
Figure 1-2 A laptop is a widely used type of computer.

9. 1-9
Computers (3 of 5)
•Tablet
Figure 1-3A slate tablet.

10. 1-10
Computers (4 of 5)
•Desktop andAll-in-One
Figure 1-4 Some desktops have a separate tower; all-in-ones do not.

11. 1-11
Computers (5 of 5)
•Server
Figure 1-5 A server provides services to other computers or devices on a network.

12. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-12
Mobile and Game Devices
•Smartphone
•Digital camera
•Portable and digital media player
•E-book reader
•Wearable device
•Game device

13. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-13
Data vs Information
What is the difference?
What is data?
What is information?
Datais the raw unorganizedand unprocessedfactsthat
is collected. It has no specific purpose or significance on
its own.
Informationis derived from organizing and processing
data. Information can be used to make logical/ informed
decisions.

14. 1-14
Data and Information (1 of 14)
Figure 1-12 A computer processes data into information. In this simplified
example, the item ordered, item price, quantity ordered, and amount received all
represent data (input). The computer processes the data to produce the cash
register receipt (information, or output).

15. 1-15
Data and Information (2 of 14)
•A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data
and instructions into a computer or mobile device

16. 1-16
Data and Information (3 of 14)
Figure 1-13 Users have a variety of options for entering typed text.

17. 1-17
Data and Information (4 of 14)
•A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to
control a small symbol on a screen, called the pointer
•Some mobile devices and computers enable you to
speak data instructions using voice input and to capture
live full-motion images using video input
Figure 1-14 A mouse and a touchpad.

18. 1-18
Data and Information (5 of 14)
Figure 1-15 You can speak instructions into a microphone or wireless headset and
capture live video on a webcam for a video call.

19. 1-19
Data and Information (6 of 14)
•A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts
printed text and images into a form the computer can
process
Figure 1-16 A Scanner.

20. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-20
Data and Information (7 of 14)
•An output device is any hardware component that
conveys information from a computer or mobile
device to one or more people
•A printeris an output device that produces text
and graphics on a physical medium, such as paper
or other material
–A 3-D printer can print solid objects, such as clothing,
prosthetics, eyewear, implants, toys, parts, prototypes,
and more

21. 1-21
Data and Information (8 of 14)
Figure 1-17 A printer can produce a variety of printed output including photos and
3-D solid objects.

22. 1-22
Data and Information (9 of 14)
•A display is an output device that visually conveys
text, graphics, and video information
Figure 1-18 Displays vary depending on the computer or mobile device.

23. 1-23
Data and Information (10 of 14)
•Speakers allow you to hear audio such as music,
voice, and other sounds
–Earbuds
–Headphones
Figure 1-19 In a crowded environment where speakers are not practical, users can
wear headphones to hear music, voice, and other audio.

24. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-24
Data and Information (11 of 14)
•Memoryconsists of electronic components that
store instructions waiting to be executed and the
data needed by those instructions
•A computer keeps data, instructions, and
information on storage media
•A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves
(reads) items to and from storage media

25. 1-25
Data and Information (12 of 14)
Hard Disk Solid-State Drive

26. 1-26
Data and Information (13 of 14)
USB Flash Drive Memory Card

27. 1-27
Data and Information (14 of 14)
Optical Disc Cloud Storage

28. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-28
Data Representation Basics (1 of 4)
•Datarefers to the symbols that represent people,
events, things, and ideas. Data can be a name, a
number, the colors in a photograph, or the notes in a
musical composition
•Data Representationrefers to the form in which data
is stored, processed, and transmitted
•Devices such as smartphones, iPods, and computers
store data in digital formats that can be handled by
electronic circuitry

29. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-29
Data Representation Basics (2 of 4)
•Digitizationis the process of converting information,
such as text, numbers, photo, or music, into digital data
that can be manipulated by electronic devices
•The digital revolution has evolved through four phases,
beginning with big, expensive, standalone computers,
and progressing to today’s digital world in which small,
inexpensive digital devices are everywhere

30. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-30
Data Representation Basics (3 of 4)
•The 0s and 1s used to represent digital data are
referred to as binary digits —from this term we get the
word bitthat stands for binary digit
•A bit is a 0 or 1 used in the digital representation of
data
•A digital file, usually referred to simply as a file, is a
named collection of data that exits on a storage
medium, such as a hard disk, CD, DVD, or flash drive

31. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-31
Data Representation Basics (3 of 4)
•The 0s and 1s used to represent digital data are
referred to as binary digits —from this term we get the
word bitthat stands for binary digit
•A bit is a 0 or 1 used in the digital representation of
data
•A digital file, usually referred to simply as a file, is a
named collection of data that exits on a storage
medium, such as a hard disk, CD, DVD, or flash drive

32. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-32
Bits and Bytes (1 of 5)
•All of the data stored and transmitted by digital devices
is encoded as bits
•Terminology related to bits and bytes is extensively
used to describe storage capacity and network access
speed
•The word bit, an abbreviation for binary digit, can be
further abbreviated as a lowercase b
•A group of eight bits is called a byteand is usually
abbreviated as an uppercase B

33. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-33
Bits and Bytes (2 of 5)
•When reading about digital devices, you’ll frequently
encounter references such as 90 kilobits per second,
1.44 megabytes, 2.8 gigahertz, and 2 terabytes
•Kilo, mega, giga, tera, and similar terms are used to
quantify digital data

34. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-34
Bits and Bytes (3 of 5)

35. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-35
Bits and Bytes (4 of 5)
•Use bits for data rates, such as Internet connection speeds,
and movie download speeds
•Use bytes for file sizes and storage capacities
•56 Kbps: Kilobit (Kb or Kbit) can be used for slow data rates,
such as a 56 Kbps (kilobits per second) dial-up connection.
•104 KB: Kilobyte (KB or Kbyte) is often used when referring
to the size of small computer files.
•50 Mbps: Megabit (Mb or Mbit) is used for faster data rates,
such as a 50 Mbps (megabits per second) Internet
connection.

36. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-36
Bits and Bytes (5 of 5)
•3.2 MB: Megabyte (MB or MByte) is typically used when
referring to the size of files containing photos and
videos.
•100 Gbit: Gigabit (Gb or Gbit) is used for really fast
network speeds.
•16 GB: Gigabyte (GB or GByte) is commonly used to
refer to storage capacity.

37. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-37
The Web (1 of 8)
•The Internet is a worldwide collection of computer
networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and
individual

38. 1-38
The Web (2 of 8)
Figure 1-27 The Internet is the largest computer network, connecting millions of
computers and devices around the world.

39. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-39
The Web (3 of 8)
•The World Wide Web (or web, for short) is a global
library of information available to anyone
connected to the Internet
•The webconsists of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents, each of which is called a
webpage
•A websiteis a collection of related webpages
•A web server is a computer that delivers
requested webpages to your computer or mobile
device

40. 1-40
The Web (4 of 8)
Figure 1-28 Webpages, such as the one shown here, can display text, graphics,
audio, and video on a computer or mobile device. Pointing to a link on the screen
typically changes the shape of the pointer to a small hand with a pointing index
finger.

41. 1-41
The Web (5 of 8)
•A browseris software that enables users with an
Internet connection to access and view webpages
on a computer or mobile device

42. 1-42
The Web (6 of 8)
•A search engine is software that finds websites,
webpages, images, videos, news, maps, and other
information related to a specific topic

43. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-43
The Web (7 of 8)
•An online social network, also called a social
networking site, is a website that encourages
members in its online community to share their
interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos
with other registered users

44. 1-44
The Web (8 of 8)
Figure 1-29When Facebook users share, comment on, or “like” a post, the post
appears on their own personal Facebook pages.

45. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-45
Digital Safety and Security (1 of 2)
•It is important that users protect their computers
and mobile devices
–Viruses and Other Malware
–Privacy
–Health Concerns
–Environmental Issues

46. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-46
Digital Safety and Security (2 of 2)
•Green computing involves reducing the electricity
consumed and environmental waste generated
when using a computer
•Strategies include:
–Recycling
–Using energy efficient hardware and energy saving
features
–Regulating manufacturing processes
–Extending the life of computers
–Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced
computers

47. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-47
Programs and Apps (1 of 6)
•Software, also called a program, tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
–System Software
Operating system
Tools

48. 1-48
Programs and Apps (2 of 6)
Figure 1-30 Shown here are the macOS and Windows operating systems for laptops
and desktops and the Android and iOS operating systems for smartphones. You
interact with these operating system interfaces by clicking or tapping their icons or
tiles.

49. 1-49
Programs and Apps (3 of 6)
–Applications

50. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-50
Programs and Apps (4 of 6)
•Installing a program is the process of setting up the
program to work with a computer or mobile device,
printer, and/or other hardware
•Once installed, you can run a program so that you
can interact with it
•You interact with a program through its user
interface

51. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-51
Programs and Apps (5 of 6)
•A software developer, sometimes called a
developer or programmer, is someone who
develops programs and apps or writes the
instructions that direct the computer or mobile
device to process data into information

52. 1-52
Programs and Apps (6 of 6)
Figure 1-31 A software developer writes instructions using Visual Basic (a) to
create Payroll Information window shown here (b).

53. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-53
Communications and Networks (1 of 7)
•In the course of a day, it is likely you use, or use
information generated by, one or more of these
communications technologies
–Chat rooms
–Email
–Fax
–FTP
–GPS

54. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-54
Communications and Networks (2 of 8)
–Instant messaging
–Internet
–Newsgroups
–RSS
–Videoconference
–Voice mail
–VoIP

55. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-55
Communications and Networks (3 of 8)
•A communications deviceis hardware capable of
transferring items from computers and devices to
transmission media and vice versa

56. 1-56
Communications and Networks (4 of 8)
Figure 1-32 Modems, wireless access, and routers are examples of communications
devices that enable communications between computers/ mobile devices and the
Internet. Notice that some computers and devices communicate via wires, and others
communicate wirelessly.

57. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-57
Communications and Networks (5 of 8)
•Examples of wireless communications
technologies include:
–Wi-Fi
–Bluetooth
–Cellular radio

58. 1-58
Communications and Networks (6 of 8)
A networkis a collection of computers and devices
connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media
Figure 1-33 A server manages the resources on a network, and clients access the
resources on the server. This network enables three separate computers to share the
same printer, one wirelessly.

59. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-59
Communications and Networks (7 of 8)
•Home Networks
–Connect to the Internet
–Share a single high-speed Internet connection
–Access photos, music, videos, and other content
–Share devices
–Play multiplayer games
–Connect game consoles to the Internet
–Subscribe to and use VoIP
–Interact with other devices in a smart home

60. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-60
Communications and Networks (8 of 8)
•Business Networks
–Facilitate communications
–Share hardware
–Share data, information, and software

61. Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or
posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-61
Technology Uses
•Education
•Government
•Finance
•Retail
•Entertainment
•Health Care
•Science
•Travel
•Publishing
•Manufacturing

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Technology Users (1 of 3)
Home User Small/Home Office User

63. 1-63
Technology Users (2 of 3)
MobileUser Power User

64. 1-64
Technology Users (3 of 3)
Enterprise Use

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posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
1-65
Summary
•Basic computer concepts
•Various methods for input, output, memory, and
storage
•Data Representation
•The Internet
•Digital security and safety risks and precautions
•Uses of technology applications in society