Week 5 - Module 13 - PPT- Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 and its Applications in Library Services.pdf

Web 2.0 to Web 4.0

1. Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 and its
Applications in Library Services
Dr. JagdishArora
Advisor, NBA
Email: [email protected]

3. Evolution of library technology (adapted from Noh (2012)

4. Library 2.0 and Library 3.0
•Web 1.0 (Tims Berner Lee)
•Semantic Web -2001 (Tims Berner Lee)
•Web 2.0 (Tim O'Reilly, 2005)
•Web 3.0 John Markoff, New York Times, 2006)
•Web 4.0 (Distant Dream?)
•Library 2.0 coined by Michael Casey in 2006
•Library 3.0
•Library 4.0
This talk is addressed to:
•Librarian 2.0
•Librarian 3.0

5. 1996 (1 L W; 50 L U) 2006 (10 Cr W; 50 L) 2016 (100 Cr W; 250 Cr U)

6. Web 1.0 to Web 4.0: Process of Evolution
6
Subtitle comes here
Source: ....
Web 1.0: Read
/Awareness / Static
(1996)
•Unidirectional /
Passive transmission
•Limited Interaction
with Users
•No Content
Creation
Web 2.0: Read & Write
(2006)
•Web Connecting
People / Human
Centric Participative
Web
•Dynamic, Interactive
and Collaborative
Creation of Information
•Social Networking
Sites (SNS)
•Bi-directional
Web 3.0: Read, Write &
Execute (2016)
•Web Connecting
Knowledge &
Intelligence
•Semantic Web: Web of
Data; Virtual World
•Social Computing
Environment
•Multi-directional
•Semantic connections
•Data filtered
•AI
Web 4.0: Read, Write,
Execute & Concur
•Intelligent interaction
between machines and
users
•Internet of Things (IoT)
•Human are upgraded with
technology extension
(Always On)

7. Web 2.0

8. Web 2.0 is About Cultivating
Communities . . .
•SmugMug
•Photobucket
•Google Photos
•Snapfish
•Flickr
•ImageShack
•Fotolog
•YouTube
•Vimeo
•Dailymotion
•Twitch
•LiveLeak
•Break
•Metacafe
•Digg
•Redddit
•Delicious
•Grow News
•Newsvine
•Twitter
•Pinterest
•StumbleUpon
•Dribble
•Slashdot
•Pocket
•MySpace
•Facebook
•Twitter
•Friendster
•Orkut
•Snapchat
Shared Picture Shared Video Shared News
Shared
Bookmarks
Shared
Everything

9. Its About being in the User’s Space . . .
29/01/2010
LDP, School of Management,
Ahmedabad University

10. Its About Encouraging Participation… . . .

11. Its about collaboration . . .

12. Web 2.0: Definition
•ReferstosecondgenerationofInternet-basedservicesincludingtoolsthat
letpeoplecollaborateandshareinformationonline,suchassocial
networkingsites,wikis,communicationtools,andfolksonomies.
•Referstoideasandtechniquesbehindweb-basedserviceswhichencourage
userinteraction,communicationandcollaboration.

13. Library 2.0: Definition
•Modernizedformoflibraryservicethatreflectsatransitionwithinthe
libraryworldinthewayservicesaredeliveredtousers.
•ApplicationofconceptsandtechnologiesofWeb2.0appliedtothelibrary
servicesandcollections.
•User’sparticipationandfeedbackisthekey

14. Library 2.0: Tools and Techniques
•Conceptually,Library2.0isindependentoftechnology.
•Everylibraryactivitydesignedorbuiltwithactiveparticipationand
feedbackofitsusercommunityqualifiestotheconceptofLibrary2.0.
•Web2.0technologiescanhelplibrariestocreatecollaborativeand
participativeenvironmentdeemednecessarytodeliverandcreate
servicesandresources.

15. Library 2.0: Tools and Techniques
Tools and Techniques: Categories
•Synchronous Communication
•Content Delivery
•Collaborative Publishing Tools
•Collaborative Service Platforms

16. Synchronous Communication

17. Library 2.0: Tools and Techniques
InstantMessaging
•Virtuallyinstantaneouscommunicationbetweentwoormorepeopleusing
textualformat.
•ICQ,Pidgin,YahooMessenger,WhatsApp,Instagram,Twitter,Google
Talk
•eBuddy:Aggregatedinterfacethatfacilitateschatsacrossmultipleapps
throughasingleinterface
•Real-timereferenceservices

18. Video Chat Services / Online Video
Conferencing
•Videochatservicesfacilitatesharingofideasandcommunicationamongtwoor
multipleparties
•Skype,ezTalksCloudMeeting,Viber,Zoom,Join.me,FaceTime,Line,
AnyMeeting
•GoogleHangoutsisaninstantmessagingandvideochatplatformthatreplaced
GoogleTalk.

19. Content Delivery

20. Content Deliver: RSS Feeds
RSS Feeds
•StandsforRealSimpleSyndicationorRichSiteSummary
•Facilitateawebsite(ore-publisher)tolistthenewestpublishedupdates
(liketableofcontentsofjournals,newarticles)usingXML
•Facilitateausertokeeptrackofnewupdatesonchosenwebsite(s)

21. RSS Feeds Aggregation Services
•AnRSSFeedsAggregationServicepullsmultiplefeedsintoonemainfeedand
updatesthecontentonthenewwebsite.
•RSSAggregatorTools:RSSMix,RSSMixer,FeedKiller,FeedInformer,Feedly
•Forexample,alibrarycanaggregateRSSfeedsfrommultiplejournalsinagiven
disciplineonitswebsite.
•Newsaggregatorwebsitesallowuserstoviewnewsandupdatesfromvarious
sourcesatonewebsite:Feedly,GoogleNews,Alltop,News360,Panda,
Techmeme,Flipboard,Pocket,Inoreader

23. 29/01/2010
LDP, School of Management, Ahmedabad
University

24. Content Delivery: HTML Feeds
HTMLFeeds
•HTMLfeedsarebasicallyRSSfeedsconvertedintoHTMLcodes.
•HTMLcodescanbeplacedontothewebsitesandtheresultingHTMLfeed
canbecustomisedtocomplimentthepage.
•HTMLfeedsallowquickeraccessinformationtovisitingusers.

25. Content Delivery: Streaming Media
•Streaming multimedia is sequential delivery of multimedia content over a
computer network that is displayed (or played back) to the end-user as it is
being delivered by the provider.
•Video content on the web. Example: YouTube

27. Content Delivery: Podcasting
•Derivedfromtwowords,namely“broadcasting”and“iPod”(popularMP3
playerfromAppleComputer).
•Processofcapturingaudiodigital-mediafilesthatcanbedistributedover
theInternetusingRSSfeedsforplaying-backonportablemediaplayersas
wellascomputers.
•Userscansubscribetosuchfeedsandautomaticallydownloadthesefiles
directlyintoanaudiomanagementprogram.
•Example:Gaana.com,radiomirchi.com,etc.

28. Content Delivery: Vodcasting
•Vodcastingstandsfor“video-on-demand”.
•Identicaltopodcasting.Whilepodcastingisusedfordeliveringaudiofiles,
vodcastingisusedfordeliveringvideocontent.
•Examples:PrimeVideo,Netflix,Zee5,AltBalaji,YouTube

29. Content Delivery: Short Message
Service (SMS)
•Amechanismofdeliveryofshortmessagesoverthemobilenetworks.
•TheSMSenquiryservicesinalibraryallowpatronstousetheirmobile
phonestoSMStheirinquiriestothelibrary.
•Thereferencestaffdeployedtoattendtosuchqueriescanrespond
immediatelywithanswersorwithlinkstomorein-depthanswers.
•InterfacedwithCirculationSystemofILMStogeneratereminder.

30. Collaborative Publishing Tools

31. Collaborative Publishing Tools: Blogs
•Ablog(anabridgedformoftermweblog)isawebsite,usuallymaintained
byanindividuals,astheironlinediaries,withregularentriesofcommentary,
descriptionsofevents.
•Lightweightpublishingtools.
•Thousandsofblogsaremaintainedbyexpertsindifferentsubjectareasto
sharetheirknowledge,understandingandopinionswithotherpeople.

32. Collaborative Publishing Tools: Blogs
(Cont'd)
•MichaelCasey:LibraryCrunch;PeterSuber:OpenAccess
•Usedbylibrariesforpromotion,publicity,outreachservices.for
disseminationofinformation,announcementsforitsnewresourcesand
events.
•Blogon“NoShelfRequired”

33. “NoShelfRequired”isablogthatdealswithallaspectsofeBooksanddigital
contentsandtheircreating,reading,publishing,managing,curating,and
distributing.Itengagesthepublishers,writers,editors,contentdevelopers,
distributors,educators,librariansandinformationscienceprofessionals.

34. Collaborative Publishing Tools: Wikis
•ShortformofWikiWikiWeb,aSoftwaredevelopedbyWardCunningham,
describeditas“thesimplestonlinedatabasethatcouldpossiblywork”.
•Collectionofwebpagesdesignedtoenableanyonewhoaccessesitto
contributeormodifycontent,usingasimplifiedmarkuplanguage.
•Usedtocreatecollaborativewebsitesandtopowercommunitywebsites.

35. Collaborative Publishing Tools: Wikis
•Nocontentvalidationandauthenticityofinformation.
•UsedinbusinessestoprovideaffordableandeffectiveIntranetsandfor
knowledgemanagement.
•Wikiscanessentiallybeequatedtoopenweb-pages,whereanyoneregistered
withitcanpublishontoit,addtoit,amenditandchangeit.
•OpenSourceWikiSoftware:LivelyWiki,TiddlyWiki,Wiki.jsXWiki,Zoho
Wiki,Foswiki,TWiki

36. Collaborative Publishing Tools: Wikis
Wikis:UseinLibraries
•Asacommunicationtooltoenablesocialinteractionamonglibrariansand
patrons.
•Fordevelopingsubjectgateways.
•Userscanshareinformation,askandanswerquestions,andlibrarianscan
participatewithinawiki.
•Arecordofthesetransactionscanbearchivedforperpetuity.Transcriptsofsuch
question-answersessionswouldserveasaresourceforthelibrarytoprovideas
reference.

38. Collaborative Service Platform

39. Collaborative Service Platform: Social
Networking
•Web-basedsoftwarethatfacilitatescreationofavirtualsocialnetworksfor
communitiesofpeoplewhoshareinterestsandactivities.
•MySpace,FaceBook,Orkut,Del.icio.us,Frappr,andFlickr.
•Usedbylibrariestointeractwiththeirpatronsandtoshareandexchange
resourcesdynamicallyinelectronicenvironment.

40. Collaborative Service Platform: Social
Networking Sites
•Librariescanrecommendresourcestousersthroughsocialnetworkbasedon
user’sprofile,demographics,previously-accessedresources,etc.
•SeveralinstitutionsareonFacebookandareusingiteffectivelytoreach-outto
usersthroughsocialnetworks.

42. Collaborative Service Platform: Tagging
•Atagisakeywordortermorsubjectheadingassignedtoapieceof
information(apicture,ageographicmap,ablogentry,avideoclipetc.,).
•Tagsareusuallychoseninformallyandpersonallybyauthor/creatororbyits
consumer/viewers/community.
•Taggingisessentiallyaprerogativeofuserwhichenablesthemtoassign
keywordstoapieceofinformationorobject.

43. Collaborative Service Platform: Tagging
(Cont'd)
•Theusercandefineandcategorizeinformationbasedonhisorherown
perceptionofgivenpieceofinformation.
•InLibrary2.0,userscouldtagthelibrary'scollectionandtherebyparticipatein
thecataloguingprocess.EnabledinKoha.
•YoucantagsomeoneinaphotothatyoushareonFacebooktoidentifythemin
thephoto.Likewise,youcanalsotagapieceofinformationthatyoushareon
Facebooktoensurethattheyseethatpost.

44. Collaborative Service Platform: Social
Bookmarking
•Socialbookmarkingisamethodofstoring,organizing,searchingandmanaging
bookmarksofwebsitesusingdescriptivemetadata.
•Userscansavelinkstowebpagesthattheywanttorememberand/orsharewith
otherusers.Thesebookmarkscanbemadepublic,orsavedprivatelyorshared
onlywithspecifiedpeopleorgroupsofpeople.
•Mostsocialbookmarkservicesencourageuserstoorganizetheirbookmarkswith
informaltags.

45. Collaborative Service Platform: Social
Bookmarking
•itList,Blinklist,Clip2,ClickMarks,HotLinks,del.icio.us,Furl,Simpy,
CiteulikeandConnotea,Stumbleupon,Ma.gnolia,BlueDot,Diigo,etc.are
someofthepopularbookmarkingservices.
SocialBookmarking:UseinLibraries
•LibrariescanmakeuseofsocialbookmarkingsitesusingRSSfeedsfor
subjectdisciplinesorinareasofspecializationrelevanttothem.

46. Hybrid Applications, Programs and
Programming Tools

47. Mashup
•Mashupisawebapplicationthatcombinesdatafrommorethanonesourceinto
asingleintegratedtool.
•Originallyreferredtothepracticeinpopmusic(notablyhip-hop)ofproducing
anewsongbymixingtwoormoreexistingpieces.
•Contentusedinmashupsistypicallysourcedfromathirdpartyviaapublic
interfaceorAPI(webservices).

48. Mashup
•Mashupisahybridofblogs,wikis,streamingmedia,contentaggregators,
instantmessaging,andsocialnetworks.
•Mashupsareapplications,wheretwoormoretechnologiesorservicesare
mergedintoacompletelynew,novelservice.
•Example:AthenaeumisamashupofGoodreads.comandTorontoPublic
LibraryusingAPIofGoodreadsthatallowstopersonalizebookpreferences.
•Example:LibsquareusesFoursquareAPItofindlibrariesinJapan.Itsearches
anareaanddisplayallthelibrariesonamap.

49. Mashup [Cont'd]
•Retrivr:MergesthefunctioningofFlickr'simagedatabaseandanalgorithmto
enableuserstosearchimagesnotbymetadata,butbythedataitself.
•MashupEditors:IntelMashMaker,GoogleMashupEditor,LiquidApps,
MicrosoftPopfly,SerenaMashupEditor,Yahoopipes,etc.

50. Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and
XML)
Ajax(AsynchronousJavaScriptandXML)
•AJAXisagroupofinter-relatedwebdevelopmenttechniquesusedfor
creatinginteractivewebapplications.
•Technologyfacilitateswebpagestointeractwithusersbyexchangingsmall
amountsofdatawiththeserver“behindthescene”sothatentirewebpagesdo
nothavetobereloadedeachtimethereisaneedtofetchdatafromtheserver.
•Ajaxisacross-platformtechniqueusableonmanydifferentoperating
systems.

51. Application Programming Interface
(API)
•APIisasourcecodeinterfaceprovidedbyanoperatingsystem,libraryor
servicetosupportrequestsmadebycomputerprograms.
•Language-independentAPIsarewritteninawaythattheycanbecalledfrom
severalprogramminglanguages.
•ScopusAPI,forexample,enablesausertoselectScopusdataelementsforyour
ownmashups.

52. Web 3.0

53. Web 3.0: Definition
•“Web3.0”wasfirstcoinedbyJohnMarkoffin2006.
•Web3.0isasetofstandardsthatturnsthewebintoabigdatabase.
Nova Spivack, CEO, Radar Networks
•Web3.0isaseriesofcombinedapplications.Thecoresoftwaretechnologyof
Web3.0isartificialintelligence,whichcanintelligentlylearnandunderstand
semantics.Therefore,theapplicationofWeb3.0technologyenablestheInternet
tobemorepersonalized,accurateandintelligent.
EricSchmidt,CEO,Google

54. Web 3.0: Definition[Cont'd]
•Web 3.0 would be designed to turn the un-organized web into a systematic and
organized body of knowledge (database) by establishing a semantic link
between all the web content using technologies listed below:
•WebOntology,ArtificialIntelligence,Auto-tagging,Auto-geotagging,
3-DWebTechnology,AutomatedReasoning,CognitiveArchitecture,
DistributedComputing,KnowledgeRepresentation, Ontology,
RecommendationSystem,ScalableVectorGraphics,SemanticWeb,
SemanticWiki,IntelligentSoftwareAgents,etc.

55. Features of Web 3.0
•Intelligence:Naturallanguageprocessing,humancomputerinteraction,
intelligentanalysis,auto-translation.
•Interoperability:Compatiblewithalltypesofcomputers,microwavedevices,
hand-helddevices,mobiles,scientificinstruments,TVs,automobiles,etc.Helps
inReuseofdata.
•Personalization:informationprocessing,search,formationofpersonalized
portalontheweb.
•Virtualization:SupporttoHigh-end3DGraphicsandCreationofVirtual3D
Environment.

56. From Web 2.0 to Web 3.0: Process
Unstructure
d or Semi
structured
Data and
Information
Web of Data &
Information
(Auto-tagged and
Geotagged)
Linked to Similar
Data &
Information
Library
Resources
IRs / DRs
Web 1.0 and 2.0
Auto-tagging
Geo-tagging
Web-Ontology
OWL
SPARQL
RDF
Web 4.0
Interac
t with
Users
&
Experts
New Ideas &
New
Theories

57. Essential Concepts of Web 4.0:
Futurist View
•SymbioticWeb:Symbioticinteractionsbetweenhumanusersandmachine
components
•WebOS:A“conceptual”webOSwhereineverythingwouldbeconnected.
DubbedasIoT.
•Reading,Writing&ExecutingSimultaneously:Simultaneousreading,
writing&executing.
•MassiveWeb:Amassivewebofhighlyintelligentinteractionsmuchlikea
humanbrain.
•IntelligentWeb:UseAItomakeadecision,anultraintelligentelectronic
agent,symbiotic,ubiquitousandamachinewhichwouldbedevelopedto
matchhumanbrain,withadvancednanotechnologyandhumaninteraction
interfaces.

58. Web 3.0 and Web 4.0: Live Examples

59. Rich Search Results on Google
•WhenyousearchGoogleinadditiontonormalsearchsnippet,i.e.Title,URLand
Description,theGooglealsoprovidesfollowingsemantic-basedfeatures:
•RichSnippets:Suchresultsthathaveimages,starratings,addressesandother
information;
•KnowledgePanelsorKnowledgeGraph,providesinformationonthesubjectofsearch
•NewsCarousel:ThetopresultsfromGoogleNewssearchrelatedtothetopicofthe
query.
•Showtimes:Onsearchingforamovierunningintheaters,showtimesinlocaltheaters
isdisplayed.
•AnswerBox:Arichsnippetdisplayedabovetheresultsthatcontainsanswertothe
user’ssearch.
•RelatedQuestions:Queriesthatmayhelptheusertonarrowdowntheirsearch.

60. “Answer Box” for Search on Quantum
Mechanics

61. Search on “Director, IIT Delhi” provides name of the current
Director along with Other related search . . .

62. Search on AI10 provides detailed information on Air India
Flight AI 10

63. Web 3.0 and Web 4.0: Live Examples
•Schema.org:FoundedbyGoogle,Microsoft,YahooandYandex,Schema.org
vocabulariesaredevelopedbyanopencommunityprocess.
•Over10millionsitesuseSchema.orgtomarkuptheirwebpagesandemail
messages.ManyapplicationsfromGoogle,Microsoft,Pinterest,Yandexand
othersalreadyusethesevocabulariestopowerrich,extensibleexperiences.

64. Web 3.0 and Web 4.0: Live Examples
•DBPedia:DBPediaisasemanticrepresentationofWikipedia.
•TheDBpediaknowledgebaseisservedasLinkedDataontheWeb.DBpedia
definesLinkedDataURIsformillionsofconcepts,variousdataproviders
havestartedtosetRDFlinksfromtheirdatasetstoDBpedia.

65. Web 3.0 and Web 4.0: Live Examples
•OpenGraphProtocol:DevelopedbyFacebook,theOpenGraphprotocol
enablesanywebpagetobecomearichobjectinasocialgraph.Forinstance,
thisisusedonFacebooktoallowanywebpagetohavethesamefunctionality
asanyotherobjectonFacebook.
•TheOpenGraphprotocolbuildsonexistingtechnologiesandgivesdevelopers
asingleinterfacetoimplement.

66. Applications of Web 3.0 Technology:
Examples
•Semantic blogs: SemiBlog, Haystack, Semblog, Structured Blogging
•Semantic Wikis: Semantic MediaWiki, SemperWiki, Platypus, dbpedia, Rhizome
•Semantic Search: SWSE, Swoogle, Intellidimension
•Semantic Digital Libraries: JeromDl, BRICKS, Longwell
•Semantic forums and community portals: SIOC, OpenLinkDataSpaces
•Semantic Social Networks: FOAF, PeopleAggregator
•Semantic Social Information Spaces: Nepomuk, Gnowsis

67. Skillsets Required by LIS Professionals
•DomainKnowledge
•NewTechnologiesanditsApplicationinLibrary
•NewSourcesofInformation
•OntologyDevelopment:RulesandConcept
•SystematicViewofRelationshipbetweenMultipleItemsincluding
Entities,Objects,IdeasandConcepts
•RDF,RDFS,OWL

68. Library 2.0 to 4.0: Summing-up
•Library1.0isassociatedwithWeb1.0inthesamewayLibrary2.0,3.0,and4.0
arelinkedtotheircorrespondingversionsofthewebandfollowsthesame
underlyingphilosophies.
•EvolvingversionsofWebandLibraryencompassesarangeofnewandexisting
toolsthatareusefulinprovidingnewservicesandmakingexistingservices
availableinnewandinterestingways.
•Implementationofsomeofthesetoolsarelikelytoimprovereputationand
standingoflibrariesandarelikelytomakelibrariesmoreinteresting,more
relevant,andbetteracceptableplace.

69. Library 2.0 to 4.0: Summing-up
•ApplicationsofWeb2.0/3.0technologiesinlibrarieswillresultinameaningful
andsubstantivechangeinlibraries,itscollection,servicesandmethodsof
deliveryofservices.
•Thelibrary'scollectionwillchange,becomemoreinteractiveandfullyaccessible.
•Thelibrary'sserviceswillchange,focusmoreonthefacilitationofinformationtransfer
andinformationliteracyratherthanprovidingcontrolledaccesstoit.

70. Library 2.0 to 3: Summing-up
•Theimplicationsoftheserevolutionarytechnologiesareenormous.
Librariansareonlybeginningtoacknowledgeandadoptsomeofthese
technologiesintotheirlibraries.
•Library2.0and3.0wouldbringconceptual,culturalandphysical
changesinlibrariestokeeppacewiththechangesincommunitiesand
theirinformationseekingbehaviour.

71. THANK YOU