WEST BENGAL GEOGRAPHY BY SOMNATH SIR.pdf

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1. GEOGRAPHY
OF WEST
BENGAL
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2. SIZE AND LOCATION OF WEST BENGAL
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3. West Bengal is on theeasternneck of India,
stretching from the Himalayas in the north to
the Bay of Bengal in the south.
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4. fourth-most populous state
13th -largest state by areain India.
seventh-most populous country
Covering an area of 88,752km2
The state capital isKolkata, theseventh-
largest city, and thethird-largest
metropolitan areain India

5. West Bengal shares its boundary with 5
states and international boundarywith
three countries they are state boundaries
State boundary
•Jharkhand( longest) inin
west500 km
•Bihar in west 300 km
•Orissa in South 150 km
•Assam in North East 90 km
•Sikkim in north 60 km

6. West Bengal shares its boundary with 5
states and international boundarywith
three countries they are state boundaries
➔International boundary
•Bangladesh (longest) in
•Nepal in Northwest 90 km
•Bhutan in Northwest 150km

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8. It lies between 21°38 North
27°10 north latitude
27°10 north
latitude
21°38 North

9. 85°30 East to 89°53
Eastlongitude
85°30 East
89°53 East

10. ➔Distance between north and South
is 623 km
➔Distancebetween East and West is
320 km
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11. ➔West Bengal shares its boundary with 5
states and international boundarywith
three countries they are state boundaries
➔State boundary
•Jharkhand( longest) inin west500 km
•Bihar in west 300 km
•Orissa in South 150 km
•Assam in North East 90 km
•Sikkim in north 60 km
➔International boundary
•Bangladesh (longest) in
•Nepal in Northwest 90 km
•Bhutan in Northwest 150km

12. ➔Tropic of Cancer 23 ½°north latitude
কককট রাশি 23 1/2° উত্তর অক্াাংশির ক্রান্তীয়
অঞ্চল
District Area CityTown
•Purulia Adra, Jaipur
•Bankura Barjora ,Gangajal ,Ghati
•Purba Bardhaman Purbasthali,
Guskhara,Ausgram
•Paschim Bardhaman Durgapur
•Nadia Krishnanagar ,Dhubulia

14. N
S
Direction District
➔East MostCooch Behar
➔West Most Purulia
➔South MostSouth 24 Pargana
➔North MostDarjeeling
➔The narrowestpart of West Bengal is 9 kilometre
wide in Chopraof North Dinajpur it is also called
“CHICKEN’S NECK”

15. ➔At present there are 23 district in West Bengal it has 5
administrative divisions each division has its headquarter
Division Headquarter Districts
Jalpaiguri
Division
Jalpaiguri Darjeeling ,Cooch Behar,
Jalpaiguri, Kalimpong, Alipurdwar
MaldaDivision English
Bazar
Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin
Dinajpur,Malda,Murshidabad
BurdwanDivisio
n
Chinsurah PaschimBardhaman, Hooghly
PurbaBurdwan, Birbhum
Medinipur
Division
Medinipur Bankura, Jhargram, Paschim
Medinipur,PurbaMedinipur,
Purulia
Presidency
Division
Kolkata Howrah ,Kolkata ,Nadia, North 24
ParganaSouth 24 Parganas

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17. Jalpaiguri Division
Jalpaiguri
Division
JalpaiguriDarjeeling ,Cooch Behar,
Jalpaiguri, Kalimpong,
Alipurdwar

18. MaldaDivision
Malda
Division
English
Bazar
Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin
Dinajpur,Malda,Murshidabad

19. BurdwanDivision
BurdwanDivisionChinsurah PaschimBardhaman, Hooghly
PurbaBurdwan, Birbhum

20. MedinipurDivision
MedinipurDivision Medinipur Bankura, Jhargram, Paschim
Medinipur,PurbaMedinipur, Purulia

21. Presidency Division
Presidency
Division
Kolkata Howrah ,Kolkata ,Nadia, North 24
ParganaSouth 24 Parganas

22. Physiographic divisions of West Bengal
West Bengal
may be divided
into seven
physical regions:
1. The Northern Mountain Region
2. The Western Plateau Fringe
3. The Plains
a) The Northern Plains
b) The Southern Plains
4. Tarai Region
5. Rarh Region
6. The Sunderban Delta
7. The Coastal Fringe

23. 1.) Northern Mountains
➔The northern mountain region is situated on the north
Western part of West Bengal and belong to the to the Eastern
Himalayan range
উত্তরপর্ বতঅঞ্চলটিপশ্চিমর্ঙ্গেরউত্তর-পশ্চিমঅংঙ্গে
অর্স্থিতএর্ংপূর্ বস্থিমালয়পর্ বতমালারঅন্তর্ বত।
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24. 1.) Northern Mountains
➔The northern mountain region is situated
on the north Western part of West Bengal
and belong to the to the Eastern Himalayan
range
উত্তরপার্বত্যঅঞ্চলঅর্স্থিত্পশ্চিমর্ঙ্গের
উত্তর-পশ্চিমঅংঙ্গেএর্ংপূর্বস্থিমালঙ্গ়ের
অন্তর্বত্সীমা

25. ➔This region consists of sedimentary
and metamorphicrocks this area suddenly
increases its slopes from the theterai region
➔Teesta river divides this mountain region
into twoparts one is the Western and other
one is Eastern most of the highest mountain
ranges as seen in the western part of the
Teesta river

28. 1.1)Western mountain regionপশ্চিমপার্বতযঅঞ্চল
➔This is the highest part of the entire mountain region of
the north in West Bengalit extends from Nepal in the
west to the river in the East
the two main mountain ranges of this region are
1. Singaliarange
2. Darjeeling range

30. 1.1.1)Singaliarange
➔It separates Sikkim from Nepal and the Darjeeling range
➔The main peaksare SandaKfu(3630metre)
Phalhut(3595metre) Sabargram(3543metre)and
Tanglu(3063metre)Sandakfuis the highest peak of West
Bengal

31. 1.1.2.) Darjeeling range
➔It is also known as ghumrange
➔Ghumis the highest railway station of India the highest peak of this region
is the Tiger Hill( 3121) metre

32. 1.2)Eastern mountain region
➔The Eastern part of the Teestariver is lower than the western part
➔The famous Kalimpongtown is situated in this region Pedongis located
herefrom where the ancient Silk route was spread up to Tibet
➔Richila(3170) metreis the highest peak of this region
➔The sinchulaof this region forms the common boundary between Bhutan
and Jalpaiguri
➔The main mountain parts of this region is Buxathese joints India and
Bhutan

33. 2)Western plateau পশ্চিমমালভূস্থম
➔This region is situated on the western part of West Bengal
➔This plateaueconnecting Rajmahalhill of Jharkhand and Chota
Nagpur Plateau
➔This region comprises of entire Purulia western part of Birbhum,
Burdwan, Bankuraand West Medinipur
➔This design is basically made up of granite and gneiss

34. ➔Because of long and continuous erosionthe whole region
has been transformed into an undulating peneplainthis plateau
region consists of many small Hills which are known as
Monadnocks
➔Locally known “Doongi” or “Tila”
➔Puruliyadistrict (100 metre) has the highest mountain Ayodhya
hill (677 metres) in this region

35. This region has been divided into two parts
1.➔Ayodhyaplateau region
2.➔Purulia Highland region
2.1Ayodhya plateauregion
➔This region lies between theSuvarnaRekhaand kangsabatiriverof
Purulia district
➔This region is mainly made of granite Gneissand Schistrock
➔Gorgaburu677 metreis the highest peak of the plateau regionother
Hills are
panchet,bhandari,Baghmundietc
2.2Purulia Highland region
This region spreads from subarnarekhariver in the westit lies in the
Eastern part of Ayodhyaplateau
অঙ্গ াধ্যামালভূস্থমঅঞ্চল
পুরুস্থলয়াপার্বতযঅঞ্চল

36. 3)Plains of the North and South
➔Apart from the northern hilly region
and western plateau regionthe rest
of West Bengal is plains this region
extends from Siliguri to the coast of
Bay of Bengal
➔This region is divided into two
parts by the Gangariver
1.➔Plains of Northern Bengal
2.➔Plains of South Bengal
উত্তরওদস্থিঙ্গেরসমভূস্থম

37. 3.1Plains of North Bengal
➔It lies from Siligurito the north Bank of the
Ganga it has two sub divisions
3.1.1TaraiOr Duras
➔This region has been formed by the
depositions of pebbles And granules and silt
brought in by the Himalayan rivers
➔Teestariver divide this region into two parts
the western part is known as Tarai
and the east part is Duars
➔This area is consist of Darjeeling
district except Siligurisubdivision and
maximum part of Jalpaiguriexcept Busea
jayanti

38. 3.1.2)Northern plain
➔It extends from the southernand of the terairegion to the north and
Bank of Ganges
➔This region has been formedby constantly deposition by Himalayan
rivers fillingthe lowlands and lakes that existed here
➔Basically a plain land but many low lands and marshy land are present
Plains are divided into three parts
I.Barendrabhumi
II.Diara
III.Tal

39. ➔Barendrabhumi--Made up of old Alluvial soil this area provides
southern part of North and South Dinajpurand Eastern part of
Malda
➔Diara---the this is a fertile plain of new Alluvial soil brought in by
the Kalindiriver this area covers the western part of Malda
➔Tal----the land area between the rivers Mahanandaand
kalindiare prone to flood the flood water after creates lakes or wetlands
which are known astals

40. 3.2)Plains of south Bengal
The plains of South Bengal has been
classified into the following four types
1.Rarh
➔Area the entire Birbhumwestern part
of MurshidabadEastern part of
BankurapurbaBardhamanPaschim
Bardhamanand western part of Paschim
Medinipur is known as Rarh
area
➔This region in between the Delta plain
and the Western plateau lateritesoil is
Seen here

41. 2.Delta plain
➔This plane lies over East Murshidabadand the
entire Nadia district which is known as moribund
Delta plain ➔The plains of BardhamanEast
MedinipurHowrah and Hooghly districts are known
as muturedeltaplain
➔The river GangaPadmaand Bhagirathialong with
their numerous tributaries and distributorieshave
drained this region for ages
➔Hence numerous lowlands marshes and oxbow
lakes are presenthere the formation of delta
by the deposition of new Alluvial soil is still
in progress in South Eastern part of
south 24 Parganasand southern part of North 24
Parganas
➔This region is known as active Delta plain

42. 3.Sandy coastal plain-
➔This region has been formed by depositional work
of wind and sea waves The coastal area along the Bay
of Bengal in PurbaMedinipurdistrictis the Sandy
coastal plain the Dighasea beachis present in the
southernmost part of the region
4.Sundarbanplains-
➔The Delta formed process is highly active here
Alluvial low Plains muddy and saline numerous
tributaries islands And river beds are the main features
of this region this region covers southern part of
North and South 24 ParganasMangroveis the main
vegetation of this area it is the worldgreatest
mangrove forest the Sundarban

43. Drainage system of West Bengal
➔The river of West Bengal are broadly classified as
1. The Rivers Of North Bengal
2. The Ganga And Its Tributaries
3. Rivers Of The South Bengal
4. Rivers Of Western Plateau

44. ➔The principal rivers of North Bengal are Mahananda, Torsa
Jaldhaka, Kalyani and Raidak
➔The Teesta is the most significant river of Sikkim and North
Bengal
Rivers Of North Bengal

45. ➔Teesta the river originates from the ZemuGlacier
the river forms the border betweenWestBengal and Sikkim
➔It flows through Sikkim west bengal
and Bangladesh and finally Falls into river
Jamuna or Brahmaputra near chilmariof
Bangladesh the western part of the Teesta
river known as Terai

47. ➔Jaldhakathe river originates from the Bidanglake located in
Sikkim Himalayas and drained southwards through the Jalpaiguri
District and Falls into Jamuna river in Bangladesh
➔Tributaries of Jaldhakariver is Daina, Birukhola, Bindukhola
and Nakshallkhola

49. ➔Torsathe river originates from the ChumbiValley in Tibet
and flows into Bhutan it enters India in Cooch Behar district
of West Bengal and falls in Jamuna river in Bangladesh
➔The tributaries of torsaare malengiBela and Sunjai

51. ➔Kaljanithis river originates
in Bhutan on the foothills of the
Himalayas and close north to
south passing through the
district of Alipurduar
in West Bengal and Falls into
Brahmaputra river after
Confluence Torsariver
➔Tributaries are gadadhar
chekonenai

53. ➔Raidakthe river originates from akungchupeak of Bhutan it
flows through Bhutan Jalpaiguri and Cooch Behar district and
falls in in Jamuna river in Bangladesh in the
➔Tributaries of Rider river are Dipa

55. Mahananda this river originates from Mahalidreammountain
in Darjeeling district and Falls into Padma river in Bangladesh
the
➔Tributaries of Mahananda are gulmakhola, dauk,mechi,
balason

57. ➔Sankoshthis river Rises from Panakhamountains in
Bhutanitflows along West Bengal and Assam border before
entering Cooch Behar and later Falls into Brahmaputra river

59. Ganga and its tributaries
➔The Ganga river originates from Gomukhwhich is the melting place of
Gangotri glacier in the Himalayas of Uttarakhand and travels down the
northern plains it is the longest river in West Bengal
➔Near Dhuliyanin Murshidabad
District the Ganga divides itself into
two branches one of its subsidiaries flows
into Bangladesh as the Padma

60. ➔The Other branch bends and flows
southwards to merge into the Bay Of Bengal
from Murshidabad to Hooghly it is known as
Bhagirathi and from Hooghly to Bay of Bengal
it is known as Hooghly river in West Bengal
the northern region of Ganga is known as
Barind

75. Rivers Of The Western Plateau
➔Some principal rivers in the Western plateau of West Bengal
are Ajay ,Mayurakshi, Damodar ,Rupnarayan, Haldiand
Subarnarekha
➔This rivers rise from the ChotaNagpur Plateau in the
west and flows towards the south east to join the
Bhagirathi Hooghly river rain fed rivers and as
they usually have water during the rainy season

76. ➔Some Prominent Rivers Of Western Plateau
Mayurakshi
the river originates from the theTrikuthill of ChotaNagpur
Plateau it enters in West Bengal in Birbhum district
is rivers falls in the Bhagirathi river at Kalnatown in
Bardhamandistrict of West Bengal
➔Its main tributaries are Bakreshwarand Dwarka
➔TilparaBarrage built on this river

77. Damodar
➔This river originates from the ThekhamarpathHills of the
ChotaNagpur Plateau In Bihar and falls in Bhagirathi Hooghly
river
➔At Uluberiatown in West Bengal this river is also
known as the “Sorrow Of Bengal:” as it used to flood
many areas of BardhamanHooghly Howrah and
East and West Medinipur it is the second longest
river of West Bengal with the Damodar Valley project
the floods have been controlled its tributaries are
Barakar, Konar, Bokaro and Ayar

78. Rupnarayan
➔This river originates from the foothills in the Chota
Nagpur Plateau and falls in the Hooghly river at Geonkhalitown
in West Bengal the river is known as Dwarakeshwarriver
Bankura ,Mundeshwariis the main tributary of this river

79. Haldi
This river originates from the joint flow of river kangshabatiand
Keleghaiiand the and Falls into the Bay of Bengal
the river originates from the ChotaNagpur Plateau
and flows through Purulia East and West Midnapore
This comment river is called haldiriver

80. Along with agriculture West Bengal is also rich in Other industries
like Iron and Steel textile engineering and chemical major
industries of West Bengal are
Jute Industry
India's first Jute mill was established in West Bengal at Rishrain
Hooghly in the year of 1855 there are about 56 Jute mills present
along the bank of river Hugli it is one of the most important industries
in the state
Tea Industry
world's best quality is found here there are about 300 tea Gardens
present in West Bengal they are situated in Darjeeling Jalpaiguri
and Cooch Behar district happy Valley AaluBari and Makaibari
in Darjeeling district at the leading tea producing centres
Industries in West Bengal

81. Iron And Steel Industry
➔Two large integrated iron and steel factories are
present in the state one in Banpur,Hirapurkultiand
another in Durgapur
➔Durgapur is known as rurhof India
Cotton and textile industry
➔Raw cotton is not produced in the state but
imported from the states like Maharashtra and
Gujarat India's first modern textile industry was
established in West Bengal UluberiaHowrah
Seramporeand belghariaimportant production
centresof West Bengal Murshidabad
is famous for silk industry

82. Paper Industry Titagarh,Kankinara,Raniganj
and Asansol are the major paper producing areas
of West Bengal
AluminiumIndustry
JK Nagar near Asansol has the largest
Aluminum Factory
Leather Industry Batanagarfor shoe factory
and Tangranear Kolkata is famous for leather
industry in West Bengal

90. Demography Of West Bengal
➔As per details from census2011West Bengal has population of
9.13 croreand increase from figure of 8.02 crorein 2001
censustotal population of West Bengal as per 2011census is
91276115of which maleand femaleare 46809027and
44467088respectively in 2001total population was
80176197 in which males were41465985while female
were38710212
➔The total population growth in this decade was 13.84%while in
previous decade it was 17.84%
The population of West Bengal forms 7.54% of Indiain 2011in 2001
the figure was 7.79 percent

91. Literacy rate literacy rate in West Bengal has been upward Trend and is
76.26 % as per 2011 population census of that male literacy stand at 81.6
9% while female literacy is at70.5 4%
In 2001 literacy rate in West Bengal stood at 68.64 percentof which male
and female version 77.02 percentand 59.61%literate respectively
Densitytotal area of West Bengal is 88 752 square kilometredensity of West
Bengal is 1028 per square kilometrewhich is highest then National average
382 persquare kilometrein 2001 density of West Bengal was 903per
square kilometrewhile National average in 2001 was 324 per square
kilometre
Sex Ratio sex ratio in West Bengal is 950 that is for each thousand males
which is below National average of 940 as per Census 2011in 2001 the sex
ratio of female was 934 perthousand males in West Bengal

92. Comparison Of Census Data Of West Bengal Census 2011 Versus Census 2001
Description 2011 2001
➢Approx Population 9.13 Crore 8.02 Crore
➢Actual Population 9,12,76,115 8,01,76,197
➢Male 4,68,09,027 4,14,65,985
➢Female 4,44,67,088 3,87,10,212
➢Population Growth 13.84 % 17.84%
➢Percentage Of Total Population7.54 % 7.79 %
➢Sex Ratio 950 934
➢Child Sex Ratio 956 960
➢Density Per Square Kilometre 1028 903
➢Area KilometreSquare 88.752 88.752
➢Total Child Population 0-6 Age 1,05,81,466 1,14,14,222
➢Male Population0-6 Age 54,10 ,396 58,24,180
➢Female Population 0-6 Age 51,71,070 55,90,042
➢Literacy 76.26% 68.64%
➢Male Literacy 81.69% 77.02%
➢Female Literacy 70.54% 59.6%
➢Total Literacy 6,15,38,281 4,71,96,401
➢Male Literacy 3,38,18,810 2,74,52,426
➢Female Literacy 2,77,19,471 1,97,43,975

93. Subject Highest Lowest
➢Total Population North 24 Pargana-1008 2852 South Dinajpur-1670 931
➢Population Density Kolkata-24252 Purulia-468
➢Sex Ratio Darjeeling-971 Kolkata -899
➢Literacy Rate PurboMedinipur-87.66% North Dinajpur-60.1 3%
➢Male Literacy PurbaMedinipur-93.14% North Dinajpur-66.65%
➢Female Literacy Kolkata-84.98% Uttar Dinajpur-53.15%
➢Growth Rate 2001 2011 2001 Uttar Dinajpur-22.90% 2001 Kolkata-3.93 Percent
2011South 24 Pargana-18.05% 2011Kolkata -1.8%
District Population Sex Ratio Literacy Density
➢North 24 Pargana 1000 9781 955 84.0 6 2445
➢Bardhaman 7717563 945 76.21 1099
➢south 24 Pargana 8161961 956 77.51 819

94. Soil And Vegetation Of West Bengal
➔The soil of West Bengal is broadly divided into six types—
1) Mountain And Forest Soil
2) Old Alluvium
3) New Alluvium
4) Red Soil
5) Laterite Soil
6) Saline Soil

95. 1.Mountain And Forest Soil
➔The northern region of West Bengal has mountain soil the
soil
is formed by the process of weathering of igneous and
metamorphic rocks
➔It is less fertile and black in colourthe soil is suitable for tea
pineapple oranges and pears cultivation
➔It is present in Darjeeling and Kalimpongdistrict
➔The region below the mountains that is the duarsare thick
forests that consists of forest soil the forest soil has
acidic humus and low base exchange capacity it is present in
AlipurduarJalpaiguri and Cooch Behar forest soil also called
the Tarai soil

96. 2.Old Alluvium . পুরাশ া অযালুশিয়াম
➔This soil is comparatively old age and is also
called Bhangar
➔This oil is distributed in the track line north of the Gang
consist the district of North and South Dinajpu, Malda, Ea
Birbhum and some parts of Murshidabad, Bankura
➔It is suitable for wheat and sugarcane cultivation
this soil is clay in texture acidic rich in Potash and
phosphorus and have a moderate amount of Nitrogen an
humus
➔The Barindarea of West Bengal consist of quasi
lateritic alluvium

97. 3.New alluvium তু অযালুশিয়াম
➔This soil comparatively new and then old aluminiumand is also called
khadar this soil is found along the banks of the rivers
➔The soil is Sandy loam to clayey in texture
➔New Alluvium soil is located in the plains of West Bengal south of the
Bhagirath riveruptothe mouth of hooghlyriver
➔Murshidabad , Nadia ,Howrah and North 24 Parganas consist of
new alluvium soil
➔It is suitable for paddy wheat and jute cultivation this soil is very fertile
as you organic material is deposited during floods that make the soil more
fertile
➔This soil has high humus content high water holding capacity and is less
acidic

98. 4.Red Soil ৪. লাল মাটি
➔This soil is found in the district of Birbhum BardhamanbankuraMidnapore
some parts of Maldaand Dinajpur
➔The presence of ferrous oxide makes the soil red reddish Brown or red
black in colour.
➔Soil has low water holding capacity it is deficient in nitrogen phosphate
and in Potash and lime it is mildly acidic
➔This soil is infertile in nature
➔Agriculture in this soil is practiced with the help of irrigation paddy is the chief
crop grown in the soil

99. 5.Latertite soil পার্শ্কবতী মাটি
➔This soil is found in the Western plateau region this soil is formed
in the districts of Birbhum ,Burdwan, Bankura, Purulia
Midnapore some areas of Barindand Madhupur forest area
➔This soil is red in colourinfertile but with proper irrigation little
vegetation can be done in the soil
➔The laterite soil is acidic poor in organic matter calcium,
Phosphorus and nitrogen.

100. 6.Saline Soil 6. লবণাক্ত মাটি
➔The Sundarbanand the coastal areas of the state have
this type of soil the soil is bluish in colourit is acidic and has
very loose particles due to Excess organic matter
this soil is not suitable for cereals crops cultivation as it lacks
the essential nutrients
➔It is ideal for the cultivation of plantation crops such as
coconut betel nut and watermelon it remains wet and saline
for the most part of the Year

101. Resources and industry of West Bengal
➔The state contributes about 1/5 ththe total
production of minerals in the country coal
constitutes 99% of the mineral extracted in West
Bengal fire clay, China clay, limestone, copper, iron,
wolfram,Manganeseand dolomite are mined in small
quantities important minerals that occur in the state
পশ্চিমর্ঙ্গেরসম্পদওস্থে�
রাজ্যমমাটম রপ্রা়ে1/5 অর্দানরাঙ্গে
মদঙ্গেক়েলা়েেস্থনজ্উৎপাদন
পািাঙ্গত্যউঙ্গত্তাস্থলত্েস্থনজ্পদাঙ্গথবর99% র্ঠনকঙ্গর
মর্েলফা়োরমে, চা়েনামে, চুনাপাথর, ত্ামা, মলািা,
ও�রাম, মযাোস্থনজ্এর্ংম াঙ্গলামাইটম াটআকাঙ্গরেননকরাি়ে
রাঙ্গজ্যঘঙ্গটযাও়োগুরুত্বপূর্বেস্থনজ্গুস্থলরপস্থরমার্

102. Coal কয়লা
➔Coal is one of the important minerals which is mainly used in the
generation of thermal power and smelting of iron ore
➔Coal occurs in rock sequences primarily of two geological ages
namely Gondwana and tertiary deposits West Bengal is rich in coal
sustain and substance has significant amount of thermal energy
resources major coalfields being at RaniganjBarjoraetc
➔Coal belt stretches from Raniganjand andAsansol region of
Burdwan districts
➔The coal fields of Raniganjsupport the Asansol Durgapur industrial
belt by providing Thermal Power
➔Famous coal mines in West Bengal
1. Bardhaman(Raniganj,disgergarh,kulti, jamuria)
2. Bankura( Barjora, Mezia)
3. Puralia(Nituria)

103. ➔Iron Ore located close to coal mines at
Raniganjthe first iron ore factory was set
up at kultiin Bardhamanthe iron ore is located
at Purulia Bankura and Darjeeling
➔Copper the copper mines are found in
Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling copper is also
available in a small portion in bardhaman
Purulia and Birbhum
➔Manganese the deposits of Manganese
are found in Midnapore Purulia and Bardhaman
➔Limestone it occurs in jhaldaand baghmara
region of Purulia and Bankura Darjeeling district of West Bengal

104. ➔China Clay -in 24 Parganas Bankura to
BardhamanHooghly Midnapore and Purulia
➔Kyanite -Charka Patharand salbaniregion
of Purulia district
➔Asbestos -West Midnapore
➔Phosphate-Rock Purulia district
➔Dolomite-BuxaJayanti region of Jalpaiguri
➔Kalolinite-Birbhum BardhamanPurulia
চীনাকাদামাটট

107. Climate of West Bengal
The climate of West Bengal experiences a great variety.
mainly in accordance with the topography and location of
the area being referred to for instance while South Bengal
experiences tropical Savanna climate the north
witness humid subtropical weather condition the Seasons
here can be broadly be divided into
1. Spring
2. Summer
3. Rainy Season
4. Autumn
5. Winter

108. Summer
➔Before summer West Bengal experiences as a
short period of measuring spring mainly in the Northern
part of the state the summer starts in March and ends
by July with April being the hottest month
➔While the summer in Delta plains are hot and
excessively humid
➔The Western Highlands are arecomparatively
quite dry the maximum temperature between 38 and
45 degree centigrade while the minimum is around 20
degree centigrade
➔Rain for along with the thunderstorm often occurs
in the Planes due to formation of low pressure locally
known as kalboishakhi

109. 2.Monsoon
➔The summer in West Bengal for followed
by range the monsoon season stretches on
from June to September the average annual
rainfall varies in the different part of the state
➔While the northern region receives heavy
rainfall the coastal area Gangetic Plains and
the central parts of the state receive about
150 to 200 CM of rainfall
➔The Western plateau of West Bengal
receive low rainfall 100 -125 CM drought is a
common occurrence in the Bankura and
Purulia
➔Rainy season is success rate by a short
autumn beginning from October and ending
by the middle of November

110. 3.Winter
➔In West Bengal winter season starts with the end of
autumn that is in mid November and stretches on till mid
February with January being the coldest month winter is
moderate in the plains
➔During this period the humidity is quite low even in the
Pains some amount of rainfall can be expected in this
season due to the Western disturbance
➔Those area of West Bengal that lie in the thelap of
Himalayas experience a hearts winter heavy snowfall
can also be experienced in this region

124. The major types of roads running in the state are
National Highways
state Highways
District roads
Border roads.
National Highways
National Highway
Authority of India
State Highways and
District Roads
West Bengal
Government
Border roads
Border Roads
Organization

125. •NH34is the longest national highway in the state with a length of
438.3 km.
National Highway No. 151 is the shortest national highway in
West Bengal. It spans 14 km from Karimganjto Bangladesh
border
SH4is the longest state highway between Jhaldaand Dighawith a distance
of 466 km.
•SH4Ais the smallest state highway between Tulinand Chas with a length
of 39 km.

126. X
2 no
From Delhi via Jharkhand border
Barakar-Asansol-Raniganj-Durgapur
Panagarh-Palsitto Dankuninear
Kolkata
1465 km
No. 6
From Hazarivia Jharkhand border to
Kharagpur-Debra-Panshkura-Kolaghat
Baghnan-Dankuninear Kolkata.
1949 km
31A no
From Sevok-Namthangto Sikkim
Border
30 km
34 no
From Dalkhola to Karandighi –Raiganj –
Pandua –English Bazar –Morgram –
Baharampur –Palashi –Krishnanagar –
Barasat to Kolkata
443 km

127. 55 no
From Siliguri to Darjeeling via
Karseong
77 km

129. Bridges of Kolkata are:
•Vivekananda Setu(Old name-Bally Bridge or Willingdon Bridge)
established in 1932.

130. •Rabindra Setu(Howrah Bridge) made in 1943

131. •Vidyasagar Setubuilt in 1992

132. •Nivedita Setumade in 2007

133. •Railway Transport
•The first railway line was started in West Bengal between
Howrah to Hooghly on 15the August 1854.
•Kolkata is the headquarters of three zones of Indian railways.

134. •Eastern Railway Zone, Kolkata
•It comprises of four divisions, i.e., Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol
and Malda. This zone operates the oldest train of Indian
railways which is 150 years old, i.e., the Kalka Mail. It runs
between Howrah to Kalka (Himachal Pradesh)

135. •South Eastern Railway zone, Kolkata
• It comprises of four division Adra, Kharagpur, Chakradharpurand
Ranchi.

136. •Kolkata Metro Rail Service
•The Kolkata metro rail service is included as the 17
th
zone of the Indian
railways in 2010.
•It is India’s first metro railway that was started on 24 thOctober 1984.

137. •Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR)
•This train is also called as the famous ‘Toy Train’, is the most
outstanding example of Hill Passenger Railway.
•It was started in 1881. The traditional steam engine is still operational
apart from modern diesel engines.
•DHR was recognisedas a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1999.

138. •Tramway
•West Bengal is the only state to own and operate a tramway in the
country.
•Trams are present in the city of Kolkata and are operated by the Calcutta
Tramways Company Limited (CTC).
•The electric tram of the city is the oldest of its kind in Asia.
•It was started in 1902 during the British India period.

140. •National Waterway (NW-1): The Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river
system that stretches from Allahabad to Haldia (1620 km) in NW-1.It
became operational from 27the October 1986. The waterway on the
Hooghly river from Nabadwipto Haldia is a tidal while from Nabadwip
to Allahabad is the inland river water system.

141. •There are two important ports, i.e. Kolkata and Haldia, that carry
export and import on the Eastern coast of India.
•Kolkata Port: Kolkata Port Trust is the oldest port operating in India
under the management of ports of West Bengal. British East India
Company established it in 1870.It is connected by NH-2, NH-34,
Eastern railways, NW-1 and NW-2. The Kolkata Dock System (KDS)
comprises the dock systems at KidderporeDock Netaji Subhash Dock
(NSD) and Budge Budge Docks.
•Haldia Port: It was built in 1977 at the meeting place of Hooghly river
and Haldiriver. It is major exporting for chemicals and import of fuel
oil. Officially, this port is called Haldia Dock Complex.