Western political thought

presentation about western philosophers and their thought in politics. Introduction about aristotle the father of politics.

1. WESTREN POLITICAL THOUGHT Political Thought

2. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. ARISTOTLE – THE FATHER OF POLITICES 3 . FAMOUS WESTERN POLITICAL THINKERS 4. VIEWS OF WESTERN THINKERS 5. CRITICALLY ANALYSIS 6 . CONCLUSION

3. Greek philosopher parmenides Greek philosopher Socrates

4. INTRODUCTION Political thought, or political philosophy, studies questions about power, justice, rights, law, and other issues related to governance. While some believe these concepts are static, political thought asks how they originated and to what effect . T he origins of Western thinking on the polis, the Greek word for city-state. We will read Plato's famous work, The Republic, which presents an extended argument in dramatic form for what might constitute the ideal polis, encompassing consideration of all aspects of governance , citizenship , social order , and personal virtue . Speaking through the character of his teacher Socrates, Plato's model of the ideal city-state mirrors the order of nature as based in his metaphysical Theory of Forms, famously articulated here in  The Republic  through its famous Allegory of The Cave. 1.

5. Aristotle is called the father of political science because he elaborated on the topics and thinking of the Ideal State, slavery, revolution, education, citizenship, forms of government, the theory of golden mean, theory of constitution etc. Aristotle Aristotle , Greek  Aristoteles , born 384  BCE , Stagira died 322,  Chalcis , Euboea ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, one of the greatest intellectual   figures of Western History. 2. Father of Political Science

6. 3. FAMOUS WESTERN POLITICAL THINKERS Aristotle John locke John stunt Mill Socrates Thomas hobbes Immanuel Kant

7. 4. VIEWS OF WESTERN THINKERS Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer: Aristotle’s works shaped centuries of philosophy from Late Antiquity through the Renaissance, and even today continue to be studied with keen, non-antiquarian interest. A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps numbering as many as two-hundred treatises, from which approximately thirty-one survive .  His extant writings span a wide range of disciplines, from logic, metaphysics and philosophy of mind, through ethics, political theory, aesthetics and rhetoric, and into such primarily non-philosophical fields as empirical biology , where he excelled at detailed plant and animal observation and description. Inall these areas, Aristotle’s theories have provided illumination, met with resistance, sparked debate, and generally stimulated the sustained interest of an abiding readership. Aristotle

8. 1 . Aristotle’s Political Theory view:-   Political Science in General – The modern word ‘political’ derives from the Greek  politikos , ‘of, or pertaining to, the polis’. (The Greek term  polis  will be translated here as ‘city-state’. It is also commonly translated as ‘city’ or simply anglicized as ‘polis’. City-states like Athens and Sparta were relatively small and cohesive units, in which political, religious, and cultural concerns were intertwined. Aristotle’s View of Politics- Political science studies the tasks of the politician or statesman ( politikos ), in much the way that medical science concerns the work of the physician (see  Politics  IV.1). It is, in fact, the body of knowledge that such practitioners, if truly expert, will also wield in pursuing their tasks. The most important task for the politician is, in the role of lawgiver ( nomothetês ), to frame the appropriate constitution for the city-state. This involves enduring laws, customs, and institutions (including a system of moral education) for the citizens. Correct Deviant One Ruler Kingship Tyranny Few Rulers Aristocracy Oligarchy Many Rulers Polity Democracy

9. John locke In politics, Locke is best known as a proponent of limited government . He uses a theory of natural rights to argue that governments have obligations to their citizens, have only limited powers over their citizens, and can ultimately be overthrown by citizens under certain circumstances. The Critique of Nativism - The first of the  Essay ’s four books is devoted to a critique of nativism, the doctrine that some ideas are innate in the human mind, rather than received in experience. It is unclear precisely who Locke’s targets in this book are, though Locke does cite Herbert of Cherbury and other likely candidates include René Descartes, the Cambridge Platonists, and a number of lesser known Anglican theologians. Finding specific targets, however, might not be that important given that much of what Locke seeks to do in Book I is motivate and make plausible the alternative account of idea acquisition that he offers in Book II.

10. The conclusion reviews what has gone before and argues for an interpretive pluralism supplemented by an interpretation that develops a dialectical inclusive overview of interpretation, which incorporates pluralism. The various interpretive schemes that are reviewed in the book are taken to be problematic when seen as exclusive modes of explanation. They are shown to be vulnerable to reciprocal critique yet they are also recognized to provide viable forms of interpretation of past theorists . The pluralism that is defended in relation to the past is extended to encompass the present. A dialectical form of political thought and the study of its history, which takes interpretation to be central to the process of understanding past and present is defended. Conclusion