WETLAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT- Course ppt slides

Course presentation

1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University Trishal-2224, Mymensingh Presentation on WETLAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Course Name: Natural Resource Management Course Code: ESE 4109 Submitted To, Dr. Md. Badiuzzaman Khan Professor and Former Head Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Submitted By, Saida Islam Sejuti ID no: 18103432 Reg no: 6829 4 th Year, 1 st Semester (2017-18)

2. Outline of the Presentation Introduction Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Classification and Types Importance of Wetlands Wetland Resources of Bangladesh Present Status of Wetlands in Bangladesh Wetland Degradation Scenario of BD Causes of Degradation Management in BD Policies and Project Actions Recommendations Conclusion

3. Introduction A area that is Wet Or The Area which is Poorly Drained . What is a wetland… ? is a place in which the land is covered by water — salt, fresh, or somewhere in between or saturated with water that is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year. According to Ramsar Convention, 2005- More than 2/3 of BD can be classified as Wetlands . Including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed Six meters .

4. The Ramsar Convention’s definition of wetlands— “areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial , permanent or temporary , with water that is static or flowing , fresh , brackish or salt , including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters .” Ramsar Convention on Wetlands OLDEST of the Global Environmental Conventions. ONLY Global Convention focusing on WETLAND Ecosystem . Covers wide range of wetlands – From OCEAN to MOUNTAINS . Celebrates WORLD WETLAND DAY on 2 nd February .

5. Classification and Types Wetlands Saltwater Wetlands Marine: Bay, Coal reefs Estuarine : Intertidal Marshes, Mangroves Lagoonal : Brackish or Saline Lagoons Freshwater Wetlands Riverine: River & Streams Lacustrine: Haor & Beels Palustrine: Marshes & Swamps Manmade Wetlands Ponds Irrigated Lands Irrigated Channels Hydro dams (In Bangladesh) Mainly 5 Types of Wetlands Swamp Marsh Bog Fen Prairie Pothole

6. Types of Wetlands Fed By- Surface Water Dominated By- Trees & Shrubs 3 Types- Forested, Shrub & Mangrove Characterized By- Very Wet Soil- Growing Season Standing Water- during other times Periodically Saturated Characterized By- Herbaceous (Non-Woody) Vegetation 2 Types- Tidal (Near Ocean Shore) Non-Tidal (Near Streams or Lakes) 1 2

7. Types of Wetlands Freshwater Wetland Characterized By- Spongy Peat Deposits, Various Plants & a floor covered by MOSS . Filled by- Rain Water Common in- Glaciated Area. Fed by- Ground Water Covered by- Grasses, Sedges, Reeds and Wild-flowers . Tend to occur in cool places. D epressional wetlands Primarily freshwater marshes of Glaciated region  F ound most often in glaciated landscape filled with- snowmelt and rain in the spring . 3 4 5

8. Importance of Wetlands Wetland Makes the Cleaner Environment! Major BENEFITS are- ABSORB Water like a sponge. RESTORE it to the Aquifers. FILTER Water to control pollution. PREVENT Flood. Coastal PROTECTION TRAP Sediments to prevent erosion. Provide HABITAT . Productive ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Crop CULTIVATION/ Food PRODUCTION

9. Importance of Wetlands 4.3 million hectors of Inland(BD) Fisheries 94% - OPEN water 6% - CLOSED water

10. Wetland Resources of Bangladesh Total estimated areas of Wetland- 7-8 million Hectors Nearly 50% of mass land (previously). But in 1996, the estimation showed 11% (16000 hectors) by Chowdhury et al.

11. Wetland Resources of Bangladesh CLASSIFICATION OF WETLANDS IN BANGLADESH TRANSECT OF A TYPICAL WETLAND OF BANGLADESH

12. Present Status of Wetland Resources in BD According to Ramsar Convention- More than 2/3 of BD could be classified as Wetlands. But gradually due to massive quality deterioration and degradation the present picture is- Most of our Wetlands are in ECA List. Huge downfall in areal volume. Diversified Ecosystems & species are in Red list. Biodiversity & Ecological Balance Loss. Only 12 year later scenario of CHALAN BEEL, BD Wetland

13. Wetland Degradation Scenario of BD National Wetland Degradation Ratio- Almost 45% GBM Floodplain Lost: 2.1 million ha. Mangrove Wetland Lost: ~45% have lost; due to Anthropogenic & Shrimp Culture Dhaka City: Significantly 76.6 % rivers & 18.72 % Khals decreased. Chalan Beel : In 9 th century- 1085 sq km; Present- only 26 sq km. Northwest Region: During 1989 to 2000 about 25% of wetland have been lost. 2000 to 2010; 4% wetlands are converted into other types of lands. Chalan Beel

14. Causes of Wetland Degradation Biological Alteration Chemical Alteration Physical Destruction & Degradation Some specific Anthropogenic actions like- Over-harvesting of Trees, fisheries or Shrimps. Direct Chemical Discharge to wetlands. Widespread collection of Fire wood. Illegal Hunting and Poaching of Wild lives. Alien or Invasive species introduction. Population Exploration Mismanagement of Wild Lives.

15. Wetland Management in BD Government Institute: Bangladesh Water Development Board(BWDB) Department of Environment Department of Fisheries etc. NGOs’: Center for Natural Resource Studies CBOs. Bangladesh POUSH. Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies. BRACK NACOM CFSD Practical Action. STRATEGIES INITIATIVESES Adopted WCS in 1980 Set up Ministry of Environment & Forest(1989). Formation of National Conservation Strategy(19920. Became Signatory of Ramsar Convention(1992). National Environmental Management Action Plan(1995). Environmental Protection Act(1995) Sustainable Environment Management Program(1996).

16. Policies & Project Actions for Wetland Management Project Approaches CBHFRM Approaches

17. Project Actions for Wetland Management Projects in Action--

18. Recommendations Practice sustainable consumption techniques for food and crop cultivation. Search for renewable energy sources. Prohibit Wetland Conversion . Restore and Rehabilitate degraded wetlands. Bring all significant wetlands under sustainable management program . Limit hunting and fishing to an extent that breeding and spawning of various species is not hindered. Carry out EIA before initiating any engineering project. Establish efficient & adequate amount of legal constitutions for wetland ECA conservation etc.

19. Conclusion DO YOU HAVE ANY FURTHER QUARIES TO KNOW…?!? Wetlands are like blessings to any civilization via for its numerous services from crop, food, fuel to as a protection barriers from calamities like Flood, Surges etc in terrestrial to marine communities. While the sad part is- we are losing this versatile wetland resources just for our extra greediness and uncontrolled ruling tendency to nature since ages . But for our existence it is a must; and so we ourselves must need to take care and look for the actives solutions to this tremendous loss along with the governmental initiatives indeed.

20. ..Thank You..