What is a Precision Medicine.The Precision Medicine Initiative by the NIH aims to expand this approach across all areas of healthcare, starting with cancer and moving toward chronic diseases, mental health, and preventive care..pptx

Precision medicine—sometimes called personalized medicine—is a transformative approach to healthcare that tailors treatment and prevention strategies to an individual’s unique genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle.

1. KINGSTON IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, DEHRADUN, UK, INDIA PRESENTED BY :- Aditya Singh Chauhan, Divya Prasad B.PHARMACY KIITS, DEHRADUN TOPIC :- PRECISION MEDICINE

2. PRECISION MEDICINE

3.   PRECISION MEDICINE Precision medicine is " an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person ." 

4. continue……… Precision medicine is about matching the right drugs or treatments to the right people, based on a genetic or molecular understanding of their disease . It's an approach to patient care that is based on the idea that one person's disease isn't necessarily exactly the same in someone else who seemingly has the same disease. In precision medicine, diagnostic testing is often employed for selecting appropriate and optimal therapies based on the context of a patient’s genetic content or other molecular or cellular analysis.

5. Tools in precision medicine:- Tools employed in precision medicine can include molecular diagnostics, imaging, and analytics.

6. PRINCIPLE OF PRECISION MEDICINE :- Precision medicine works on the fundamental principle that  a particular disease gives rise to different physical symptoms in different individuals , based on their genome structure, lifestyle and environmental conditions. E.g.:- Two people of different ethnicity may not respond in the same way to a drug treatment.

7. Precision Medicine Initiative :- On January 20, 2015 , President Obama launched a new U.S. initiative, the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI), to accelerate our understanding of individual variability and its effect on disease onset, progression, prevention, and treatment. The Precision Medicine Initiative is a long-term research endeavour, involving the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and multiple other research centres, which aims to  understand how a person's genetics, environment, and lifestyle  can help determine the best approach to prevent or treat disease.

8. Difference between precision medicine and personalized medicine :- The difference here is that precision medicine seeks to create treatments that are applicable to groups of individuals who meet certain characteristics . This is different from “ PERSONALIZED MEDICINE ,” which implies individualized treatments available for every unique patient . The promises of precision medicine are to  dramatically change patient care via individually tailored therapies  and, as a result, to prevent disease, improve survival, and extend health span.

9. Potential benefits of precision medicine and the Precision Medicine Initiative:- Shift the emphasis in medicine from reaction to prevention Predict susceptibility to disease Improve disease detection Pre-empt disease progression Customize disease-prevention strategies Prescribe more effective drugs Avoid prescribing drugs with predictable negative side effects Reduce the time, cost, and failure rate of pharmaceutical clinical trials Eliminate trial-and-error inefficiencies that inflate health care costs and undermine patient care

10. ROLE OF PRECISION MEDICINE IN HEALTHCARE:- Precision medicine is a way health care providers can offer and plan specific care for their patients, based on the person's genes. Precision medicine  gives medical professionals the resources they need to target the specific treatments of the illnesses we encounter, further develops our scientific and medical research, and keeps our families healthier. ROLE OF PRECISION MEDICINE IN THERAPY:- CANCER:- In cancer, precision medicine uses specific information about a person's tumour to help make a diagnosis, plan treatment, find out how well treatment is working, or make a prognosis. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE CHILDHOOD ILLNESS HIV CYSTIC FIBROSIS

11. PROCEDURE OF PRECISION MEDICINE IN THERAPY :-

12. EXAMPLES FOR PRECISION MEDICINE:- Person who needs a blood transfusion is not given blood from a randomly selected donor. HER2-positive( H uman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ) breast cancer cells. Drug called IMATINIB works to treat Leukaemia only when the cancer cells have one particular genetic makeup. PM therapies that are currently being developed include  cancer  vaccines, Monoclonal antibodies( mAbs ), and CAR T-cells . 

13. CONCLUSION:- In the present and future era of precision medicine, the collaboration of all participants in health care is necessary for its realization, resulting in improvement of diagnosis, prevention and therapy, based on a holistic, individually tailored approach. Precision medicine offers tremendous opportunity to shape the future of healthcare. While it is currently most advanced in ONCOLOGY , precision medication also has wider, exciting applications beyond oncology and late-stage disease, such as in rare and genetic diseases. The  expansion of precision medicine could have a major impact on outcomes and costs . The precision medicine initiative is widely viewed as a way to improve health care because it focuses on diagnosing and treating each individual patient based on his or her genetic characteristics.