What is Coordinate Measuring Machine? CMM Types, Features, Functions

A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a precision measuring metrology machine used in manufacturing and quality control processes to precisely measure the geometric characteristics of objects.

It operates on the principle of coordinate geometry, employing a probe to collect data points from the surface of an object to determine the dimensions, shapes, and positions of features, such as holes, slots, and surfaces.

CMMs are essential tools for ensuring that manufactured parts meet design specifications and quality standards.

1. What is Coordinate Measuring Machine?
CMM Types, Features, Functions


A Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a precision measuring metrology
machine used in manufacturing and quality control processes to precisely measure
the geometric characteristics of objects.

It operates on the principle of coordinate geometry, employing a probe to collect
data points from the surface of an object to determine the dimensions, shapes, and
positions of features, such as holes, slots, and surfaces.

CMMs are essential tools for ensuring that manufactured parts meet design
specifications and quality standards.


Working Principle of CMM

The working principle of a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) revolves around
coordinate measuring technology and precise measurement through coordinate
geometry. Here's how it works:

i). Coordinate System: CMMs operate within a Cartesian coordinate system, which
consists of three mutually orthogonal axes: X, Y, and Z. These axes define the
position of points in three-dimensional space.

ii). Probe Movement: The CMM's probe, equipped with sensors, moves along these
axes to gather measurement data from the surface of the object being inspected.

iii). Data Collection: As the probe moves, it touches or scans the object's surface,
collecting data points at various locations. These data points represent the object's
geometry.

2. iv). Coordinate Measurement: By precisely controlling the movement of the probe
along the X, Y, and Z axes, the CMM measures the distances between these data
points. This allows for accurate determination of the object's dimensions and
geometric features.

v). Analysis: The collected data is then analyzed using specialized software, which
can compare the measured dimensions to CAD models or predefined tolerances. This
analysis helps verify the object's conformance to design specifications.

vi). Reporting: Finally, the measurement results are presented in the form of reports
or visualizations, providing valuable insights into the object's dimensional accuracy
and geometric characteristics.


Components of Coordinate Measurement Machine

The main components of a CMM include:

● Structure: Provides stability and houses the moving parts.

● Probe: Collects data points from the object's surface.

● Control System: Coordinates the movement of the CMM.

● Software: Programs measurement routines, analyzes data, and generates
reports.

CMM Features

i). Accurate Measurement: CMMs ensure precise measurement of object
dimensions and geometric features, providing reliable data for quality control and
inspection processes.

ii). Versatile Probe Options: CMMs offer various probe options, including touch-
trigger probes for point-to-point measurement and non-contact probes like laser
scanners for scanning intricate surfaces.

3. iii). High Precision: CMMs operate with high precision, capable of measuring objects
with micron-level accuracy, ensuring that manufactured parts meet tight tolerance
requirements.

iv). Automatic Probe Calibration: CMMs feature automatic probe calibration
capabilities, ensuring measurement accuracy and reliability by calibrating the probe
before each measurement.

v). Advanced Software: Equipped with advanced measurement software, CMMs
facilitate efficient programming of measurement routines, data analysis, and
generation of comprehensive reports.

vi). Multi-Axis Movement: CMMs offer multi-axis movement capabilities, allowing
the probe to reach and measure features from various angles and orientations,
enhancing measurement flexibility.

Coordinate Measurement Machine Functions

i). Dimensional Inspection: CMMs accurately measure the dimensions of
manufactured parts to ensure they meet design specifications and tolerances.

ii). Geometric Analysis: CMMs analyze the geometric features of objects, such as
angles, radii, and profiles, to verify their conformity to engineering standards.

iii). Surface Profiling: CMMs scan and profile the surface of objects to capture
intricate details and deviations from desired shapes.

iv). Positional Verification: CMMs verify the positional accuracy of features relative
to each other or to a reference point, critical for assembly and alignment processes.

v). Reverse Engineering: CMMs reconstruct CAD models from physical objects by
collecting measurement data, facilitating product development and quality control.

4. Types of CMM

I. Bridge CMMs:

These CMMs have a bridge-like structure with a moving arm that travels along one
axis while the measurement platform moves along another. They're like a moving
bridge over the part being measured, commonly used for precise measurements in
industries like automotive and aerospace.

II. Articulated Arm CMMs:

These CMMs have a flexible arm with joints, like a human arm, allowing them to
reach into tight spaces or around complex shapes. They're handy for measuring large
objects or doing inspections in hard-to-reach areas, often used in industries such as
shipbuilding or construction.

III. Optical CMMs:

Optical Coordinate Measuring Machines use cameras or lasers to capture surface
data without touching the object. They're great for delicate or highly reflective
surfaces, like measuring intricate parts in jewellery manufacturing or inspecting
polished metal components.

IV. Gantry CMMs:

These CMMs have a stationary bridge or gantry structure with a moving platform
underneath. They're like a giant ruler that can measure really big stuff with high
precision, often used in industries like construction or marine engineering.

V). Horizontal Arm CMMs:

These CMMs have a horizontal arm that moves along one axis while the platform
moves along another. They're like a giant scanner that can measure long, skinny
objects or components, such as measuring the wingspan of an aeroplane or the
length of a turbine blade.

5. Advantages of Coordinate Measurement Machine

i). Precision: CMMs deliver precise measurements with micron-level accuracy,
ensuring the exactness of manufactured parts.

ii). Efficiency: CMMs automate measurement processes, enhancing productivity and
reducing time spent on quality control inspections.

iii). Versatility: CMMs can measure a wide range of part geometries and shapes,
making them adaptable to diverse manufacturing needs.

iv). Repeatable Results: CMMs provide consistent and repeatable measurement
outcomes, ensuring reliability in quality control assessments.

v). Data Analysis: CMM software offers advanced analysis tools, enabling thorough
examination of measurement data for process improvement insights.


Application of Coordinate Measurement Machine

CMMs find applications across various industries, including:

i). Automotive: Inspecting engine components, chassis parts, and body panels.

ii). Aerospace: Verifying the dimensions of aircraft components for safety and
performance.

iii). Medical: Ensuring the accuracy of medical devices such as implants and
prosthetics.

iv). Electronics: Measuring circuit boards and electronic components for quality
assurance.

6. Which company offers the best Coordinate Measuring
Machines?

VIEW offers top-notch Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs), renowned for
precision and reliability. Their CMMs and Coordinate Measuring System integrate
advanced probing systems with sophisticated software for accurate measurements.

With applications in aerospace, automotive, and more, VIEW ensures quality control
and precise dimensional inspection in diverse manufacturing environments.


Conclusion

Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) play a pivotal role in ensuring precision and
quality in manufacturing processes across diverse industries. With their advanced
capabilities and versatile applications, CMMs facilitate accurate dimensional
measurements, geometric analysis, and quality control inspections.

As a leading provider of Coordinate Measurement System and other high-accuracy
dimensional measurement systems , VIEW stands out for its commitment to
precision, reliability, and innovation in meeting the stringent demands of modern
manufacturing environments.









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