wheat cultivation

wheat

1. CP - 321 CROP- WHAET PLOT NO- 18 SUBMITTED BY: MANORANJAN ROUT 36C/14 OMRITA JAISWAL 37C/14

2. WHEAT Most widely grown cereal grain in the world. The most important cultivated wheat sp are T. aestivum (hexaploid) 2n = 12 T. durum (Tetraploid) 4n = 28 T. sphaerococcum (hexaploid) 6n = 42

3. USE

4. PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION

5. IN INDIA

6. NUTRIENT CONTENT IN WHAEAT :

7. SOIL AMD CLIMATE In India, wheat is grown in different soils; but it does well on well drained loams and clay loams . Best growth is achieved in allurial soils of Gangetic plains; but it does also well on black cotton soils of central India.

8. Climatic requirement Wide adaptability Prefer areas with cool, moist weather during growing period followed by dry, warm weather. Optimum temperature range for ideal germination of seed is 20 – 25 C Can germinate in the temp range of 3.5 – 35 C Areas with warm and damp climate are not suited for wheat growing.

9. Field Preparation Requires a well pulverized soils for good germination Field after the harvest of previous crop should be properly ploughed and harrowed 2-3 times followed by planking Pre-sowing irrigation (wetland) 7-10 days before sowing seed is needed for proper germination. Light leveling is required before sowing seed

10. Management Practices In rain-fed areas (dry land) – FP should be done with care as conservation of moisture is dependent on it. Fields are deep ploughed and done planking Usu. done in evening times and furrow should be kept opened whole night to absorb moisture from dew. Planking should be done in the morning

11. Seed and sowing RAISED BED SEED SOWING SPACING MAINTAINED Row to row 25cm Plant to plant 5cm Sowing was done by broadcasting in the row TIME OF SOWING : 1 st week of November Seed rate 100-120kg/ha

12. Wheat field

13. Nutrient Management FYM- 20kg Nutrient dose - 120-60-40 kg NPK/ha Time N P 2 O 5 K 2 O BASAL 1/2 = 300g FULL =300g FULL- 160g 20DAS 1/2 = 300g

14. GROWTH STAGE

15. IRRIGATION : NUMBAR OF IRRIGATION STAGE o n e i r r i g a t i o n C R I t w o i r r i g a t i o n C R I & D o u g h s t a g e t h r e e i r r i g a t i o n C R I + h e a d i n g + D o u g h s t a g e

16. Weed control Yield losses of more than 70% due to weeds have been reported from weed control experiments. It is necessary to keep the crop weed-free during the first 30 days after sowing. Cultural practices : Adopting proper crop rotation practices reducing the weed competition in pearl millet crop. Intercropping also helps in smothering the weeds with good crop cover over the land surface. Mulching the soil surface helps to suppress the weeds and also he in conserving the soil moisture.

17. Chemical control : Pre-emergence application : It applied after sowing but before emergence of seedling. - Atrazine (0.5-1.0) - Pendimethalin (1.0-1.5) - Tebutryn (1.0-2.0) for light soils - Norea (1.0-2.0) for heavy soils Post-emergence application : In case of severe infestation. Low rates of 2,4-D (0.5-1.0 kg/ha) may be applied when the plants are about 10 to 30 cm tall.

18. Harvesting - when leaves and stems turn yellow and become fairly dry – before it is dead ripe. Done manually using serrated sickle YIELD - 18 -2 3 q / h a