Who

World Health Organization in relation to Covid-19

1. World Health Organization Emergency Diseases By- Yusra Khatoon B.Com LL.B.(H) 2017-2022 7 th Semester Amity Law School, Amity University Lucknow Campus

2. Introduction World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations’ specialized agency for Health was founded in 1948. Its  headquarters  are situated in  Geneva, Switzerland. There are 194 Member States, 150 country offices, six regional offices. Full membership of the WHO is only guaranteed with the ratifying of the treaty known as the Constitution of the World Health Organisation It is an inter-governmental organization and works in collaboration with its member states usually through the Ministries of Health. The WHO provides leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. It began functioning on  April 7,  1948 – a date now being celebrated every year as  World Health Day.

3. Objective Defined by its constitution as " the directing and coordinating authority on international health work," WHO aims at " the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible standard of health. " Its mission is to improve people's lives, to reduce the burdens of disease and poverty, and to provide access to responsive health care for all people To act as the  directing and coordinating authority on international health work. To establish and maintain effective collaboration with the United Nations,  specialized agencies, governmental health administrations, professional groups and such other organizations as may be deemed appropriate. To  provide assistance  to the Governments, upon request,  in strengthening health services. To  promote cooperation among scientific and professional groups  which contribute to the advancement of health

4. Health Policy of WHO The WHO addresses government health policy with the following two aims:      To address the social and economic determinants of health through policies and programs “that enhance health equity and integrate pro-poor, gender-responsive, and human rights-based approaches”. To promote a healthier environment, intensify primary prevention, and influence public policies in all sectors to address the root causes of environmental threats to health”.

5. Governance WHO operations are carried out by three distinct components: the World Health Assembly, the executive board, and the secretariat. Region Member countries

6. World Health Assembly The World Health Assembly is the supreme decision-making body, and it meets annually, with participation of ministers of health from its 194 member nations. The Health Assembly is composed of delegates representing Members. Each Member is represented by not more than three delegates, one of whom is designated by the Member as chief delegate. These delegates are chosen from among persons most qualified by their technical competence in the field of health, preferably representing the national health administration of the Member. The Health Assembly meets in regular annual session and sometimes in special sessions as well.

7. Function of Assembly To determine international heath policy and program. To review the work of past years. To approve the budget To elect member state of designate a person to serve for 3years on executive board. Supervises the financial policies of the organization and reviews and approves the proposed program budget.

8. Executive Board The executive board is composed of 34 members technically qualified in the field of health. Member are elected for 3year terms. The main function of the board are to give effect to the decisions and policied of the health assembly, to advise it and generally to facilitate its work.

9. Secretariat The secretariat of WHO is staffed by some 8000 health and other experts and support staff on fixed-term appointment, working at headquarters in the 6 regional offices. There are five Assistant Director General and there responsibility is assigned by Director General in different divisions.

10. WHO REGIONS Regions Headquarters South East Asia New Delhi (India) Africa Brazzaville (Congo) American Washington DC (U.S.A.) Europe Copenhagen (Denmark) Eastern Mediterranean Alexandria (Egypt) Western Pacific Manila (Philippines)

11. MEMBER STATES 193 Member states among which 191 Members and 2 Associate members; Niue and the Cook Islands. All UN Member states except 2 Non UN members States; Liechtenstein and Switzerland.

12. WHO Priorities Providing support to countries in moving to universal coverage with effective public health intervention; Strengthening global health security Generating and sustaining action across sectors to modify the behavioral, social, economic, and environmental determinants of health Increasing institutional capacities to deliver core public health function under the strengthened governance of ministries of health Strengthening WHO’s leadership at global and regional levels and supporting the work of governments at country level.

13. WHO’s Contribution to World The WHO has been instrumental in eradicating the suffering of millions all over the world through its assistance to various governments. Some of the important milestones include: Eradication of smallpox in 1980. The organization is close to eradicating Polio, a disease that affects mainly infants and young children. Due to eradication programs by the WHO, polio cases have come down by 99% since 1988. About 216 million people are suffering from Malaria, mostly in tropical Africa, where 90% of Malaria cases and deaths are recorded. In the African region, the death rate due to malaria has been brought down by 60% as of 2018.

14. It focuses on infectious diseases like HIV, influenza, malaria,  tuberculosis , and Ebola; and also other non-communicable diseases such as heart disease and cancer. It also takes efforts in the direction of maternity and infant healthcare, old-age care, and hygienic food and water for all. The organization believes that  immunization, which prevents the six major communicable diseases of childhood—diphtheria, measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, and whooping cough— should be available to all children who need it. WHO is leading a worldwide campaign to provide effective immunization for all children in cooperation with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).

15. WHO and India India became a party to the WHO on 12 January 1948. Regional office for South East Asia is located in New Delhi. Smallpox In 1967 the total number of smallpox cases recorded in India accounted for nearly 65% of all cases in the world. In 1967, the WHO launched the Intensified Smallpox Eradication Programme . With a coordinated effort by Indian government with the World Health Organization (WHO), smallpox was eradicated in 1977. Polio Polio Campaign-2012:  The Indian Government, in partnership with UNICEF, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Rotary International and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention contributed to almost universal awareness of the need to vaccinate all children under five against polio. As a result of these efforts, India was removed from the list of endemic countries in 2014.

16. The National Strategic Plan for Elimination of Malaria (2017-2022) was launched by the Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare.  Its chief aim is to eliminate Malaria by 2027.  The National Strategic Plan has formulated year wise elimination targets in various parts of the country.  It is formulated with the support of the World Health Organization’s Global Technical Strategy for Malaria (2016-2030). The WHO Country Cooperation Strategy – India (2012-2017)  has been jointly developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare ( MoH&FW ) and the WHO Country Office for India (WCO)

17. Over all Focus of WHO Communicable diseases Non-communicable diseases Environmental health Life course and life style Surgery and trauma care Emergency work Health policy Digital Health

18. Emergency Work The World Health Organization's primary objective in natural and man-made emergencies is to coordinate with member states and other stakeholders to "reduce avoidable loss of life and the burden of disease and disability." On 5 May 2014, WHO announced that the spread of  polio  was a world health emergency – outbreaks of the disease in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East were considered "extraordinary". On 8 August 2014, WHO declared that the spread of  Ebola  was a public health emergency; an outbreak which was believed to have started in Guinea had spread to other nearby countries such as Liberia and Sierra Leone. The situation in West Africa was considered very serious. On 30 January 2020, the WHO declared the  COVID-19 pandemic  was a  Public Health Emergency of International Concern  (PHEIC).

19. Covid-19 The  COVID‑19 pandemic , also known as the  coronavirus pandemic , is an ongoing  pandemic  of  coronavirus disease 2019  (COVID‑19) caused by  severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 . It was first identified in December 2019 in  Wuhan , China. The  World Health Organization  declared the outbreak a  Public Health Emergency of International Concern  on 30 January 2020 and a pandemic on 11 March. As of 6 September 2020,  more than 26.9 million cases  have been reported in  more than 188 countries and territories , resulting in  more than 880,000 deaths ; more than 18 million people have recovered.

20. Common Symptoms Fever Dry Cough Fatigue Respiratory Sputum production ( Phlegm) Sore threat Kidney failure Asymptomatic Muscle and Joint Pain Headache

21. Cause Transmission Virology Diagnosis Viral Testing Imaging

22. Prevention Wash your hands Social distancing Face masks and respiratory hygiene Self –isolation Surface cleaning Sanitization Ventilation and air filtration Vaccine

23. Impact Economics Culture Politics Famine Education Other health issues Environment and climate Xenophobia and climate

24. International Responses Travel Restrictions Evacuation of foreign citizens International aid United Nations response measures

25. Current situation in India 90802 – 7 th September 2020 New cases 4204613- Confirmed cases 71642- Confirmed deaths 1 st case reported 30 January 2020

26. Thank You