Who was Clovis I?

Powerpoint and activities covering the legacy and importance of Clovis 1st

1. Who was Clovis I ? Aixa B. Rodriguez ESL teacher Global Studies/World History w/ Embedded vocabulary, art and activities François-Louis Dejuinne (1786-1844) - Clovis roi des Francs (465-511 )

2. Who was Clovis I? Clovis   was the first king of the Franks.   United all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, Changed the form of leadership from a group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king . Ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs . This is called hereditary monarchy. Founder of the Merovingian dynasty , which ruled for the next two centuries. chief·tain ˈ CHēftən / noun the leader of a people or clan . Mer·o·vin·gi·an ˌ merəˈvinjēən / Adjective of or relating to the Frankish dynasty founded by Clovis and reigning in Gaul and Germany  circa  500–750. A  hereditary monarchy  is a type of government where a  monarch (usually a king or queen) becomes the  monarch  because he or she is related to the last  monarch .

3. What do we know about Clovis I? son of  Childeric I , king of the Salian Franks, and  Basina , Queen of Thuringia, Succeeded his father in 481, at the age of fifteen . Conquered the remaining  Western Roman Empire at the  Battle of Soissons (486), by his death in 511 he had conquered parts of what had formerly been  Roman Gaul . " the first king of what would become France ". conversion to Christianity in 496, led to widespread conversion ,religious unification, the birth of the early Holy Roman Empire.

4. How did Clovis come to power? Numerous small Frankish kingdoms existed during the 5th century . The Salian Franks occupied the area in what is now the Netherlands and Belgium. Childeric I, became king in 457 upon the death of Merovech , ruling over lands he had received as a  foederatus  of the Romans. In 463 he fought in conjunction with  Aegidius defeated the  Visigoths  in  Orléans . Childeric died; Clovis succeeded him as king. Merovech- father of Childeric I, grandfather of Clovis I Childeric I- father of Clovis Clovis I grandson of Merovech Aegidius- magister militum of northern Gaul Foederatus  (/ˌ fɛdəˈreɪtəs / in English; pl. foederati /ˌ fɛdəˈreɪtaɪ /) was any one of several outlying nations to which ancient Rome provided benefits in exchange for military assistance.

5. How did Clovis consolidate the Franks? secured an alliance with the Ostrogoths  through the marriage of his sister Audofleda to their king, Theodoric the Great. With other Frankish sub-kings, he defeated the Alamanni in the Battle of Tolbiac in 496. gradually eliminated the other kings who had previously been his allies, turned against the Roman commanders, had the Frankish king Chararic  imprisoned and executed, killed   Ragnachar , the Frankish king of Cambrai , along with his brothers . conquered all the Frankish kingdoms to the west of the River Maas, except for the  Ripuarian Franks.

6. How did Clovis consolidate the Franks? Clovis continued his war with the Visigoths with support of his people and the church, Defeating them at the Battle of Vouille in 507 CE killed their king, Alaric II. The Ostrogothic king of Italy ,  Theodoric, Alaric's ally, was prevented from helping Alaric by the Byzantine emperor Anatasius to whom Theodoric owed his allegiance , and was married to Clovis’s sister, but had sent a daughter in marriage to Alaric II. With his realm secure, Clovis elected to rule his united empire from Paris. Theodoric would prevent Clovis’s attempts to expand his domain and secured the former Visigothic lands for himself. Alaric II

7. TIME LINE OF THE LIFE OF CLOVIS I Activity What information can you infer from the dates given on the slide? When did Clovis take over for his father? How old was he? Using this date, can you figure out when he was born? When were particular battles fought? When did he convert to Catholicism? When did he unite the Franks? What information can you find about his father and sons to add to the timeline ? Include dates and explanations.

8. Conquests of Clovis between 481 and 511 Turn and Talk : Which groups are represented on this map? Which countries do you recognize by shape? Which cities can you find? Activity: Working with a partner, create a “legend” for this map using colored pencils.

9. How did Clovis eventually convert? Clovis was at a disadvantage in his fight against the Alamans and sought the aid of the God of his Christian wife Clotilde , a  Burgundian princess who was a Catholic in spite of the Arianism that surrounded her at court, promising that if he were given victory he would become a Christian . In 506 he wins at Battle of Tolbiac , then adopted Christianity This won the support of the Gallo-Roman bishops who controlled wealth of Gaul and were influential with the population. conversion made Clovis's wars into holy wars against heretics and nonbelievers. Clovis and his wife were buried in the  Saint-Denis Département de Seine-Saint-Denis Île-de-France, France

10. Battle of Tolbiac Clovis I leading the Franks to victory in the Battle of Tolbiac, in  Ary Scheffer's 19th-century painting

11. Battle of Tolbiac . Fresco at the Panthéon (Paris) by Joseph Blanc, circa 1881 . Annotate the image for objects, action, symbols and story telling elements. What does this painting depict? Compare this image to the other painting of the Battle of Tolbiac . What is the same? What is different?

12. The B aptism of Clovis by Saint Remigius converted to  Christianity was baptized on Christmas Day, 496, a statue of him being baptized by  Saint Remigius   can still be seen there. Event important as he is seen as the last of the pagan kings

13. The Baptism of Clovis by Saint Remigius

14. What is the difference between Arian Christianity and Chalcedonian Christianity? The terms Trinitarian, Nicean and Chalcedonian are used to describe the type of Christianity that believes that God the Father, Jesus and the Holy Spirit are three persons of one being (consubstantiality ). Arian Christianity, whose followers believed that Jesus, as a distinct and separate being, was both subordinate to and created by God . theology of the Arians was declared a heresy at the First Council of Nicea  in 325 AD , the missionary work of the bishop Ulfilas converted the  pagan Goths to Arian Christianity in the 4th century. By the time of the ascension of Clovis, Gothic Arians dominated Christian Gaul, and Catholics were the minority. The king's Catholic baptism was of immense importance in the subsequent history of Western and Central Europe in general, for Clovis expanded his dominion over almost all of Gaul. Consubstantiality [ kon-s uh   b- stan - sh uh  l]  adjective 1.of  one and the same substance, essence, or nature .

15. What were the Advantages to Catholicism? Catholicism did offer certain advantages set him apart from the other Germanic kings of his time, gained him the support of the Catholic Gallo-Roman aristocracy against the Visigoths, Politically shrewd move? Legendary conversion moment – looking up to the sky and promising to become Christian if he won.

16. Tomb of Clovis I Tomb of Clovis I at the Basilica of St Denis in Saint Denis

17. How did Clovis’ death impact the development of European states and identity ? RELIGION/SOCIAL ORDER- Clovis called a synod of Gallic bishops to meet in Orléans to reform the Church create a strong link between the Crown and the Catholic episcopate at the  First Council of Orleans. Thirty-three bishops assisted and passed 31 decrees on the duties and obligations of individuals, the right of sanctuary, and ecclesiastical discipline. These decrees, equally applicable to Franks and Romans, first established equality between conquerors and conquered. COUNTRY BOUNDARIES- When Clovis died, his kingdom was partitioned among his four sons, Theuderic, Chlodomer, Childebert, and Clotaire. created the new political units of the Kingdoms of Rheims , Orléans, Paris and  Soissons, and was repeated in subsequent partitions . These political , linguistic, and cultural entities became the Kingdom of France, the myriad German States, and the semi-autonomous kingdoms of Burgundy and Lotharingia.

18. Frankish territories at the time of Clovis' death After his death, his sons divided the kingdom among themselves. This led to the different sections and cultures and identities, and also disunity.

19. What is the Legacy of Clovis I ? Clovis’s kingdom included Roman Gaul and parts of western Germany influencing country borders The French consider him the founder of France . History would Latinize his name to Louis; and remain popular in French culture to the present. Kingdom that was a blend Roman and Germanic cultures: language, worship, and law. His conversion to Christianity  made him the ally of the papacy and its protector

20. How did Roman Law survive under Clovis? Under Clovis, the first codification of the Salian Frank law took place. The   Roman Law  was written with the assistance of Gallo-Romans to reflect the Salic legal tradition and Christianity, while containing much from Roman tradition. The   Roman Law  lists various crimes as well as the fines associated with them .

21. How can I learn more? Further Reading The most important source for the life of Clovis and the character of Merovingian Gaul is the History of the Franks  by Gregory of Tours, written between 575 and 585 and available in several English translations. The best modern descriptions of the life and times of Clovis are  The Cambridge Medieval History,  vol. 3 (1913), and J.M. Wallace- Hadrill ,  The Long-Haired Kings  (1962). □ BIBLIOGRAPHY Bishop, M,  The Middle Ages - The American Heritage Library  (Houghton Mifflin Company, 1985). Boak , A.E.R,  History of Rome to 565 A.D.  (Collier Macmillan Ltd, 1965). Collins, R,  Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000  (Palgrave Macmillan, 2010). Deanesly , M,  A History of Early Medieval Europe From 476 to 911  (Methuen, 1963). Gibbon, E,  The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire  (Everyman's Library, 1994). Gregory of Tours,  A History of the Franks  (Penguin Classics, 1976). James, E,  Europe's Barbarians AD 200-600  (Routledge, 2009). James, E,  The Franks  (Blackwell Publishers, 1988). John Currier, "Article,"  Military History  22.7: 10-14.

22. References Clovis I. (2016, March 20). In  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Retrieved 15:53, April 15, 2016, from  https:// en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clovis_I&oldid=711050061 " Clovis I. "  Encyclopedia of World Biography . 2004.  Encyclopedia.com.  15 Apr. 2016< http://www.encyclopedia.com >. Donald L. Wasson. “Clovis I,”  Ancient History Encyclopedia . Last modified November 10, 2014. http://www.ancient.eu / Clovis_I /.