Wind energy system

wind energy and wind turbines

1. WIND DATA AND ENERGY ESTIMATION – TYPE OF WIND ENERGY SYSTEM SUBMITTED BY DONY SUNNY

2. WIND ENERGY(CONTENTS) Basics of wind energy Wind power installation data in India Wind power Classification of wind turbine Advantage of wind turbine Disadvantage of wind turbine

3. Wind energy Winds are horizontal movement of AIR from an area of HIGH pressure(H) to an area of low pressure(L). • Wind energy is a kinetic energy associated with movement of large masses of air. It is clean, cheap, and eco-friendly renewable source. Wind energy is utilized as mechanical energy with the help of a wind turbine. Moderate to high-speed winds, typically from 5m/s to about 25m/s are considered favorable for most wind turbines. The electric power generation through wind was first proposed in Denmark in 1890

4. Source /origin of wind • The origin of winds may be traced basically to uneven heating of the earth’s surface due to sun. Local wind Planetary wind Local wind • Localized uneven heating is responsible for local winds. Local winds are produced due to two mechanisms: Due to differential heating of land surface and water bodies due to solar radiation. Due to differential heating of slopes on the hillsides and that of low lands

5. Planetary wind • Two major forces determine the speed and direction of wind on a global basis : i. Due to differential heating of the earth at equatorial and polar regions. (Heat transfer) ii. Spinning of earth about its axis produces a Coriolis force, which is responsible for deviation of air currents. (deflects the direction of wind)

6. Tamil Nadu emerged as the leading wind installer accounting for nearly 25% of the cumulative wind installations as of March 31, 2020 Gujarat emerged as the second leading state accounting for 20% of the total wind installations in the country. Maharashtra and Karnataka came third and fourth with 13% each, while Rajasthan rounded off the top five with 11% of the total cumulative installations. Wind power installation data in India

7. wind power Wind power =   Calculation of wind power A = Effect of swept area V=Effect of wind speed   No other factor is more important to the amount of power available in the wind than the speed of the wind Doubling wind speed means 8 times more power

8. A device that converts kinetic energy to electrical energy is called wind turbine Wind turbine

9. Type of wind machines Horizontal axis machine Vertical axis machine Savonius type Darreus type Horizontal axis using two aerodynamic blades Horizontal axis Propeller type using Single blade Horizontal axis multi blade type Horizontal axis Dutch type

10. Horizontal Axis wind machines • The axis of rotation is horizontal • It consists of rotor, supporting structure, gear box, generator • Rotor blades made of metal or composite materials

11. Vertical Axis Wind Machines • The axis of rotation is vertical • Its also known as Cross wind axis machine They rotate independent of the direction of the wind • No need of yaw control mechanism • Heavy components placed on the ground

12. Savonius type It consists of two half cylinders attached to a vertical axis and facing in opposite directions to form a two-vane rotor. • It has high starting torque, low speed and low efficiency. • It can extract power even from very slow wind, making it working most of the time. These are used for low-power applications. • A high starting torque particularly makes it suitable for pumping applications .

13. Darries type • It is used for large-scale power generation. It look like an egg beater and has two or three blades shaped like aero foils . • Drawback : it is usually not self-starting. Movement may be initiated by using electrical generator as motor . • As the pitch of the blade cannot change, the rotor frequency and, thus the output power cannot be controlled. Hence, at high wind speed it becomes difficult to control the output. • For better performance and safety of the blades, gearbox and generator, it is desirable to limit the output to a level much below its maximum possible value.

14. Advantage of vertical axis wind turbine Fatigue is caused in horizontal axis machines by the blades turning end over end subjected to continuous cyclic gravity load . This does not happen in vertical axis machine . They don’t need any yaw equipment since – they can response to wind from any direction. Since heavy component are mounted on the bottom , they do not required much structural support. Installation and maintance are easy .

15. Advantage of wind turbine • The wind blows day and night, which allows windmills to produce electricity throughout the day. Wind power is available in ample amounts in all coastal areas. • It does not produce any carbon dioxide. • It is a renewable energy. • There is no use of fossil fuels. • Almost 95% of the land in use can be used for farming/recreational purpose.

16. Disadvantage of wind turbine • Electro magnetic interference • Noise • Electric shock • Throwing ice • Tower collapse • Damage occur in radio signals • Blade failure • Birds life High capital cost

17. Reference Renewable Energy Resources- John Twidell and Tony Weir Mercom india clean energy Article by: Thomann, Gary C. Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, New York. Publication year: 2014

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