Wireless body area networks (RF based wireless networking technology)

WBAN is an RF-based wireless networking technology that interconnects tiny nodes with sensors in, on, or around a human
body. A typical WBAN consists of several inexpensive, lightweight, miniature sensor platforms, each featuring one or more physiological sensors

1. WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS Presented by, KAYATHRI T.L.

2. INTRODUCTION: WBAN is RF based wireless networking technology that interconnects tiny nodes with sensors in, on, or around a human body. A typical WBAN consists of a number of inexpensive, lightweight, miniature sensor platforms, each featuring one or more physiological sensors like: Motion Sensors ECG (Electrocardiograms) Breathing Sensors Blood pressure EMG (Electromyograms) EEG(Electro-encephalograms) Blood Glucose Sensors

3. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BAN: Professor Guang Zhong Yang was the first person to formally define the phrase "Body Sensor Network" (BSN) with publication of his book Body Sensor Networks in 2006. Some of the common use cases for BAN technology are: Body Sensor Networks (BSN) Sports and Fitness Monitoring Wireless Audio Mobile Device Integration Personal Video Devices

4. WBAN: Subgroup of WPANs Domain: HealthCare Compact & Mobile Enable transfer of vital parameters Medical Communication Small intelligent devices Attached or implanted in the body Capable of wireless communication

5. TYPES OF WBAN: The Communication in the Body sensor network is categorized into two types: In body communication is the RF communication between invasive sensor nodes implanted inside the human body. The MICS (Medical Implanted Communication Service) band – 402 – 405 Mhz should be used for in body communication. On body communication is the communication between wearable sensor node. UWB can be used for On body communication

6. STRUCTURE OF BAN: Sensor measuring Temperature, Heartbeat, ECG etc. Actuator delivering Medication, Electric signals etc. PDA P rocessing and transmitting data.

7. HARDWARE DEVICES: Physiological sensor collects the analog signal that corresponds to physiological activity or human activity. Analog signal is then transmitted to wired radio equipment where it is digitalized and transmitted to the radio trans receiver.

8. WBAN NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: WBAN architecture is divided into 3 components: Tier 1 communication design (intra BAN communication). Tier 2 communication design(inter BAN communication). Tier 3 communication design (beyond BAN communication).

9. Cont..

10. INTRABAN COMMUNICATION: It refers to the radio communication of around 2m around human body, which is further sub categorized into Communication between body sensors. Communication between body sensors and portable personal servers. Earlier data was transmitted from sensors to personal server through wires. But now sensors are connected to central processor through star topology and from central processor data is transmitted to personal server. s1 s2 s3 s4 Central process or Personal server.

11. Cont..

12. INTERBAN COMMUNICATION: It is a 2nd tier communication design. In Inter BAN communication data is transmitted from personal severs to one or more access point. Inter BAN communication is used to interconnect BANS with various network. Inter BAN communication is divided into 2 categories. Infrastructure based architecture Ad hoc based architecture

13. INFRASTRUCTURE BASED ARCHITECTURE: In infrastructure based communication environment is assumed with in limited space . Example- waiting room in hospital, home or office. This architecture use larger bandwidth and use centralized structure and due to this access point also works as data base server.

14. ADHOC BASED ARCHITECTURE: It consist of multiple access points which helps the body sensor to transmit information to different medical centers. Two category of node exist in ad hoc based architecture Sensor node-It is around human body. Routing node- it is around WBAN.

15. BEYOND BAN COMMUNICATION: Tier 3 communication design is used in metropolitan areas. To bridge inter-BAN and beyond BAN communication gateway is used and wireless link is created between two networks. Database is an important component in beyond BAN tier. Database maintains users profile and medical history. Through database doctor may access user information as needed.

16. Cont.. Beyond BAN communication is application specific and can also be user specific. If any abnormalities are found in based upon up to date transmitted signal to database an alarm is notified to patient or to the doctor via an email or short message service. Doctor or other caretaker can contact to the person through videoconferencing /internet and can diagnose the problem. When an ambulatory person is taken out of hometown might experience critical situation and the emergency personal can retrieve all the necessary information to treat the patient.

17. THREE TIER NETWORK ARCHITECTURE OF BAN:

18. TECHNOLOGY USED: The radio technology used in WBAN are- BLUETOOTH (802.15.1) ZIGBEE (802.15.4) BLUETOOTH - It is used for short range wireless Communication network .It provides data rate up to 1Mbps. DRAWBACK - larger power consumption.

19. Cont.. ZIGBEE - It is low power consumption technology. It has lower data rate from 20kbps To 250kbps. Zigbee operates in two mode: Beacon enable mode Non beacon enable mode Enable beacon mode uses super frame structure. It consist of Active portion and Inactive portion.

20. LAYERS OF WBAN: Physical Layer : The PHY layer of IEEE 802.15.6 is responsible for the following tasks; Activation and deactivation of the radio transceiver. Clear channel assessment (CCA) within the current channel. Data transmission and reception.

21. Cont.. MAC Layer : The IEEE 802.15.6 working group defines to control channel access. The hub (or coordinator) divides the entire channel (or time axis) into a chain of super frames for time referenced resource allocations. The hub also chooses beacon periods of equal length to bound the super frames.

22. WBAN HARDWARE: WBAN which are used for medical purpose uses one of the MICS (medically implanted communication services ) ISM ( industrial, scientific and medical) band or WMTS (wireless medical telemetry services) or 433MHZ ISM bands. This ISM bands is used between central control units and sensor nodes. Central control unit interfaces with personal server using Bluetooth or Zig bee radio technologies. There are two types of hardware devices required of BAN. Wearable devices are used on the body surface of human. Medical Implanted devices are inserted inside human body.

23. SENSOR NODE DESIGN: S ensor nodes is designed to collect raw signals of human body. it digitized the signal and transmit through radio trans receiver. Sensor node consist of A/D convertors , microcontroller ,radio trans receiver and battery. Micro controller is used for data acquisition ,data processing ,power management . Microcontroller is programmed to turn off the battery connection when it is not functioning i.e.in sleep mode.

24. CCU DESIGN: The primary function of CCU is to collect data from sensor node via wireless MICS band link and forward this data to local or remote personal server. Central Control Unit Used Individually Portable CCU Containing Dual trans receiver to Support two Direction wireless Link.

25. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS IN WBAN: Data confidentiality Data integrity Data Authentication Data freshness Secure localization Availability Secure management

26. ADVANTAGES OF WBAN: Emergency services can be get from the doctor. Patient has not required to physical available to the doctor. Used in military for security purposes. Assists the communication between individual and machine.

27. DISADVANTADES OF WBAN: Battery Life. Wired network-restriction between the body movement. Interference of the multi devices that share the channel. Lack of integration-sensors.

28. APPLICATIONS OF WBAN: Medical Health care. Sports and Fitness Monitoring. Military and Defence . Gaming and Entertainment. Security. Wireless Audio. Personal Video Devices.

29. CONCLUSION: WBAN plays a very important role in ubiquitous healthcare applications and enjoys a huge potential market in the area of consumer electronics. WBAN enables early detection of possible problems thereby improving the quality of life.

30. THANK YOU