Wireless Power Transfer

Hardware circuit using High-Frequency transformer for wireless electrical power transfer

1. Wireless Power Transfer Submitted by- Inderveer singh kamboh (12001611024) SATYAJIT MARIK (12001611053) SAUMYADIP MOITRA (12001611054) SAYANTANY GHANTY (12001611055) SUMANTA DAS (12001611060) DEPARTMENT of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, BCREC 1

2. SLIDE PLAN: INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT BASIC PRINCIPLE COMPARISONS EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP & COMPONENTS WORKING PRINCIPLE OPERATION ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION 2

3. What is Wireless Electricity? Electricity without wires Wireless energy transfer  or  wireless power  is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without interconnecting man-made conductors. Interact weakly with surrounding objects (biological tissue). Non-hazardous 3

4. : History of DEVELOPMENT Serbian scientist Nikola Tesla regarded as Pioneer of Wireless Electricity. In 1894, Nikola Tesla lights incandescent lamps wirelessly at the laboratory in New York City by means of "electro-dynamic induction" or resonant inductive coupling. 4

5. : History of DEVELOPMENT A group of engineers at MIT came up with the idea to use resonant induction to transmit power wirelessly in 2007 under the leadership of Marin Soljacic . They powered 60 watt light bulb from 2 meters (7 ft) at 40% efficiency 5

6. BASIC PRINCIPLE The basic principle involved in ‘Wireless Electricity/wireless power transmission’ concept is, two objects having same resonating frequency and in magnetic resonance at Strongly coupled regime tend to exchange energy , while dissipating relatively little energy to the extraneous off-resonant objects. Near-field inductive coupling through magnetic fields. 6

7. COMPARISONS 7

8. Experimental set-up This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. Then the output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt. Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance Electrical Load: DC Fan. Small range setup (operational till 3 cm) 8

9. . COMPONENTS HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER FILTER VOLTAGE REGULATOR (5V) TRANSISTOR COIL LED 1N4007 (Bridge Rectifier) RESISTOR CAPACITOR BLDC Fan 9

10. HF Transformer High frequency transformers transfer electric power. The physical size is dependent on the power to be transferred as well as the operating frequency. The higher the frequency the smaller the physical size. The universal transformer emf equation indicates that at higher frequency, the core flux density will be lower for a given voltage. This implies that a core can have a smaller cross-sectional area . In our experimental case , we use 230 V/12 V HF transformer . 10

11. Voltage regulator A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level The LM7805 series of three-terminal positive regulators are available in the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a Wide range of applications. Output Current up to 1A Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V . Thermal Overload & Short circuit protection. Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection . 11

12. 1N4007 DIODE Used as Full Wave Bridge Rectifier Circuit in our experimental set-up. Maximum reverse bias voltage capacity of 50V and maximum forward current capacity of 1 Amp. 12

13. THE COIL An electromagnetic coil (or simply a "coil") is formed when a conductor (usually an insulated solid copper wire) is wound around a core or form to create an inductor or electromagnet. Primarily used for transferring energy from one electrical circuit to another by magnetic coupling Common types of Electromagnetic coils: Tesla coil, Barker Coil, Choke coil, Maxwell coil etc. In our set-up : Primary coil - two 9 turns in parallel – 9 cm diameter, Secondary coil - 36 turns, 9 cm diameter 13

14. BLOCK DIAGRAM 14

15. WORKING PRINCIPLE 15

16. OPERATION The AC power is given as an input to the bridge rectifier where it is converted into DC through resistor capacitor gets charged .in one half cycle Q1 (collector to emitter) starts conducting. Current flows from P1 to P2 of primary coil. Then current passes through capacitor C4 In another half cycle Q2 (collector to emitter) starts conducting and F2 provides bias for this transistor. Then current flows through C3 and then P2 to P1 reaches Q2 and then negative. Voltage induced L2 coil is fed to 4 diodes forming a Bridge Rectifier that delivers dc which is then filtered by an electrolytic capacitor of about 1000microf. The filtered dc being unregulated IC LM7805 is used The output of bridge rectifier i.e., +12V is taken to drive the 12V DC Fan. 16

17. LAYOUT DIAGRAM 17

18. Advantages: Simple Design   – The design is very simple in theory as well as the physical implementation Lower Frequency Operation  – The operating frequency range is in the kilohertz range. Low Cost  - The entire system is designed with discrete components that are readily available & of affordable price. Practical for Short Distance  – The designed system is very practical for short distance as long as the coupling coefficient is optimized. Disadvantages: High Power Loss  – Due its air core design the flux leakage is very high. This results in a high power loss and low efficiency. Non-directionality  – The current design creates uniform flux density and isn't very directional Inefficient for longer distances - The efficiency drops exponentially with increase in distance. 18

19. APPLICATIONS On April 27,2011 leading Japanese car-manufacturer Toyota signed an agreement with WiTricity Corpn . regarding the sharing of wireless technology in their hybrid cars. Sony showed a wireless electrodynamic -induction powered TV set, 60 W over 50 cm Haier Group debuted “the world's first” completely wireless LCD television Intel  implemented electrodynamic induction by wirelessly powering a nearby light bulb with 75% efficiency. Palm (now a division of HP) launched the Palm Pre smart phone with the Palm Touchstone wireless charger. 19

20. FUTURE SCOPE Automatic wireless charging of mobile electronics (phones, laptops, game controllers, etc.) in home, car, office, Wi-Fi hotspots … while devices are in use and mobile. Direct wireless power and communication interconnections at points of use in harsh environments (drilling, mining, underwater, etc.) … where it is impractical or impossible to run wires. Automatic wireless charging for existing electric vehicle classes: golf carts, industrial vehicles. Automatic wireless charging for future hybrid and all-electric passenger and commercial vehicles, at home, in parking garages, at fleet depots, and at remote kiosks. Direct wireless power interconnections and automatic wireless charging for implantable medical devices ( pacemaker, defibrilator , etc.). 20

21. FUTURE SCOPE 21

22. CONCLUSION We realize that Wireless Energy Transfer & Electricity may play a significant role in the future in the field of Transmission of Electric power .During transmission of electric current through conductor wires, a large portion of power is lost in form of heat dissipation. However, with proper application of ‘ Wi-tricity ’, this loss can be prevented and hence there would be better utilization of electric power. In theory, there are endless possibilities for the application of Wireless Electricity ,however it is yet to be tried & tested on a large scale basis .The experimental results have so far been positively reviewed by scientists & electrical engineers but its widespread applications are yet to be fully understood & applied. 22

23. THANK YOU 23