Wireless senson Network WSN Chapter-1.ppt

Introduction of WSN

1. Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks1
Introduction to
Wireless Sensor Networks
Mr. Lokesh M. Giripunje
DYPIEMR

2. UNIT 1
S.No. Topic Chapter Ref
1What are Wireless Sensor
Networks
 
CH1-1.5 R1,R2
2Wireless Sensor Node CH1--1.5.1 R1
3Anatomy of a Sensor Node,CH2 R2
4architecture of WSN , CH1--1.5.2 R1
5Performance metrics in
WSNs,
CH1--1.7 R1
6Types of WSN CH1--1.6 R1

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Introduction
Wireless Sensor Networks are networks consisting of tiny
motes equipped with sensors which are distributed in an ad
hoc manner. OR
Wireless Sensor Networks is a collection of embedded
sensor devices with networking capabilities

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Introduction
These sensors work with each other to
sense some physical phenomenon and then
the information gathered is processed to
get relevant results.
Wireless sensor networks consists of
protocols and algorithms with self-
organizing capabilities.

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Example of WSN

Ref:http://esd.sci.univr.it/images/wsn-example.png

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7. Characteristics and challenges
Deeply distributed architecture : localized
coordination to reach entire system goals, no
infrastructure with no central control support
Autonomous operation : self-organization, self-
configuration
TCP/IP is open, widely implemented, supports
multiple physical network, relatively efficient
and light weight, but requires manual
intervention to configure and to use.
Energy conservation: physical, MAC
Scalability: scale with node density, number and
kinds of networks
DAWN Lab / UMBC
7

8. Challenges in sensor networks
Energy constraint
Unreliable communication
Unreliable sensors
Ad hoc deployment
Large scale networks
Limited computation power
Distributed execution
:Nodes are battery powered
:Radio broadcast, limited
bandwidth, bursty traffic
:False positives
:Pre-configuration inapplicable
:Algorithms should scale well
:Centralized algorithms
inapplicable
:Difficult to debug & get it right

9. Node Architecture
Wireless sensor nodes are the essential
building blocks in a wireless sensor
network
The node consists of sensing, processing,
communication, and power subsystems
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10. Node Architecture
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11. Contd…
The Sensing Subsystem
Sensors
Analog-to-Digital Converter
The Processor Subsystem
 Architectural Overview
Microcontroller
Digital Signal Processor
Application-specific Integrated Circuit
Field Programmable Gate Array
Communication Interfaces
 Serial Peripheral Interface
 Inter-Integrated Circuit
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12. Prototypes of Sensor Nodes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wireless_sensor_nodes
https://file.scirp.org/pdf/WSN_2016042016243334.pdf
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13. Prototypes
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14. TELOSB MOTE
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Ref:http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~culler/eecs194/labs/lab1/telosb.JPG

15. Operating Systems
TINYOS
Contiki
eRTOS
MuCOS-2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
List_of_wireless_sensor_nodes
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16. TinyOS
most popular operating system for WSN
developed by UC Berkeley
features a component-based architecture
software is written in modular pieces called
components
Each component denotes the interfaces that it
provides
An interface declares a set of functions called
commands that the interface provider
implements and another set of functions called
events that the interface user should be ready
to handle

17. Performance Metrics
Network lifetime: It is measure of energy efficiency, as
sensor nodes are battery operated, WSNs protocols must be
energy efficient to maximize system lifetime.
Energy consumption. : It is the sum of used energy by all
WSN nodes.
Latency: It is the end-to-end delay that implies the average
time between sending a packet from the source, and the time
for successfully receiving the message at the destination.
Accuracy : It is the freedom from mistake or error,
correctness, conformity to truth, exactness
Fault-tolerance : Sensors may fail due to surrounding
physical conditions or when their energy runs out.
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18. Performance Metrics
Scalability : As a prime factor, it is WSN
adaptability to increased workload
Network throughput : It is a common metric
for all networks. The end-to-end throughput
measures the number of packets per second
received at the destination.
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19. Types of WSN
1.6.1 Terrestrial WSNs
These types of networks consist of hundreds or
thousands of wireless sensor nodes. These nodes
can be deployed in an unstructured or a structured
manner. The nodes are distributed randomly in an
unstructured mode, but they are kept within the
target area.
As these are the ‘terrestrial’ sensor networks
therefore they are above ground and solar cells can
be used to power up these networks. The energy
can be conserved by minimizing delays and by
using operations of low duty cycles etc.
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20. 2. Underground WSNs
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21. 3. Under Water WSNs
Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
21http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/terrestrial-sensor-network-vs-underwater-
sensor-network.html

22. 4. Multimedia WSNs
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23. 5. Mobile WSNs
The mobile wireless sensor networks are
much more versatile than the static
sensor networks. The advantages of
MWSN over the static wireless sensor
networks include better and improved
coverage, better energy efficiency,
superior channel capacity, and so on.
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24. Useful links
http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?
sub=78&brch=256
https://www3.nd.edu/~cpoellab/
teaching/cse40815

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References
1.Eschenauer, L., and V. Gligor, “A Key-Management Scheme for Distributed Sensor
Networks,” Proceedings of ACM Conference on Computer and Communications
Security (ACM CCS), Washington DC, pp. 41-47, 2002
2.http://www.xbow.com/products/Product_pdf_files/Wireless_pdf/
MICA2_Datasheet.pdf
3.http://www.ece.osu.edu/~bibyk/ee582/telosMote.pdf
4.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Sensor_Networks
5.http://arri.uta.edu/acs/networks/WirelessSensorNetChap04.pdf
6.http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~mdw/course/cs263/papers/jhill-thesis.pdf
7.http://www.polastre.com/papers/polastre-thesis-final.pdf
8.www.cse.fau.edu/~jie/teaching/fall_2004_files/sensorslides1.ppt
9.http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/cs/aggarwal/cs60520/SeminarMaterial/WSN-
future.ppt
10.http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~nbulusu/talks/grace-hopper.ppt
11.http://galaxy.cs.lamar.edu/~bsun/wsn/wsn.html
12.www.dsc.ufcg.edu.br/~maspohn/katia/introduction.ppt
13.http://computer.howstuffworks.com/mote1.htm

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THANK YOU

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www.cse.fau.edu/~jie/teaching/fall_2004_files/sensorslides1.ppt
http://web2.uwindsor.ca/courses/cs/aggarwal/cs60520/SeminarMaterial/WSN-future.ppt
http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~nbulusu/talks/grace-hopper.ppt
http://galaxy.cs.lamar.edu/~bsun/wsn/wsn.html
www.dsc.ufcg.edu.br/~maspohn/katia/introduction.ppt
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/mote1.htm
http://www.polastre.com/papers/polastre-thesis-final.pdf
References

28. Comparison with Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks
The number of nodes in sensor network can be
several orders of magnitude large than the
number of nodes in an ad hoc network.
Sensor nodes are more easy to failure and
energy drain, and their battery sources are
usually not replaceable or rechargeable.
Sensor nodes may not have unique global
identifiers (ID), so unique addressing is not
always feasible in sensor networks.

29. Comparison with Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks
Sensor networks are data-centric, the queries in
sensor networks are addressed to nodes which
have data satisfying some conditions. Ad Hoc
networks are address-centric, with queries
addressed to particular nodes specified by their
unique address.
Data fusion/aggregation: the sensor nodes
aggregate the local information before relaying.
The goals are reduce bandwidth consumption,
media access delay, and power consumption for
communication.

30. Comparison with ad hoc
networks
Wireless sensor networks mainly use
broadcast communication while ad hoc
networks use point-to-point communication.
Unlike ad hoc networks wireless sensor
networks are limited by sensors limited
power, energy and computational capability.
Sensor nodes may not have global ID because
of the large amount of overhead and large
number of sensors.
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