Women Empowerment

Women Empowerment India

1. PRESENTED BY,
MR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD

3. INTRODUCTION :
Women Empowerment refersto
increasingthespiritual,political,social,
educational,gender,oreconomicstrength
ofindividualsandcommunitiesof
women.
Women’sempowermeninIndiaisheavily
dependentonmanydifferentvariables
thatincludegeographicallocation
(urban/rural),educationalstatus,social
status(casteandclass),andage.

4. 1. Domestic violence
CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN

5. • Acid Throwing
•Dowry

6. •Female infanticide and sex-selective abortion
•Rape

7. • Sexual harassment
•Trafficking

8. •Justice system
Other concerns
•Social opinions

9. • Family planning
•Sex ratios
•Sanitation

10. Place of women in Indian society:
A (cultural) historical perspective
•The Goddess (Devi)
•The mother
•The sister
•The wife
•the friend

11. Empowerment is probably the totality
of the following or similar capabilities:
•decision-makingpoweroftheirown.
•accesstoinformationandresources
fortakingproperdecision.
•Havingarangeofoptions/choices
•assertivenessincollectivedecision
making.
•positivethinkingontheabilityto
makechange

12. •Abilitytolearnskills.
•Abilitytochangeothers’
perceptionsbydemocratic
means.
•Involvinginthegrowthprocess
andchangesthatisneverending
andself-initiated
•Increasingone’spositiveself-
imageandovercomingstigma

13. Indian Women in Modern Times
Education
• Literacy
• Gender gaps:
•Differences across states
(Kerala has highest female
literacy; Rajasthan, Bihar
and Uttar Pradesh have the
lowest).
•Differences between rural
and urban areas.
•Parental preference for
boys going to school.
•Higher dropout rate among
girls.
FemaleMale
1971 22% 46%
1991 39% 64%
2003 48% 70%
2011 65% 83%

14. Indian Women in Modern Times
Education
–Gendergapsinhighereducation
•About10percentoftotalwomen
populationhascollegeeducation
•Womenaccountforathirdofthestudents
atcollege/universitylevel
•Inengineeringandbusiness,theproportion
offemalestudentsismuchsmaller
•Ineducation,nearlyhalfofthestudentsare
women

15. Indian Women in Modern Times
BarrierstoFemaleEducation
–Poverty:one-fourthofIndia’spopulation
livesbelowthepovertyline(2011)
–Socialvaluesandparentalpreferences
–Inadequateschoolfacilities
–Shortageoffemaleteachers:29percentatthe
primaryleveland22percentattheuniversity
level
–Genderbiasincurriculum

16. Indian Women in Modern Times
Employment
–Difficulttogetanoverallpictureofemployment
amongwomeninIndia
•Mostwomenworkintheinformalsector
–Womenaccountedforonly23percentofthe
totalworkersintheformalsectorin2011.
–Thenumberoffemaleworkershasincreased
fasterthanthenumberofmaleworkers.
–Femaleunemploymentratesaresimilartomale
unemploymentrates.

17. Indian Women in Modern Times
Categories of employment (2011)
Female Male
Agricultural laborer46.3% 23.0%
Cultivator 34.6% 39.9%
Household industry 3.5% 2.1%
Non-household
industry
3.8% 8.8%
Services 8.3% 10.8%
Other categories 3.5% 15.5%

18. ANCIENT INDIA:-
Scolarsbelievethatinancient
India,thewomenenjoyedequal
statuswithmeninallthefields
oflife.However,someothers
holdcontrastingviews.
Rig-Vedaversessuggestedthat
womenwereeducatedand
marriedatamatureageand
wereprobablyfreetoselect
theirhusband.

19. However,later(approximately
500B.C)thestatusofwomenbegan
todecline.
Althoughreformatorymovements
suchasJainismallowedwomento
beadmittedtothereligiousorder,
byandlargethewomeninIndia
facedconfinementandrestrictions.
Thepracticeofchildmarriagesis
believedtohavestartedfrom
aroundsixthcentury.

20. INDEPENDENT INDIA:-
•WomeninIndianowparticipatein
allactivitiessuchaseducation,
politics,media,artandculture,
servicesector,scienceand
technologyetc.
•TheconstitutionofIndia
guaranteestoallIndianwomen
equality,Nodiscriminationbythe
state,equalityofopportunity,
Equalpayforequalwork.

21. Inaddition,itallowsspecial
provisionstobemadebythestatein
favorofwomenandchildren,and
alsoallowsforprovitionstobemade
bythestateforsecuringjustand
humaneconditionsofworkandfor
maternityrelief.
GovernmentofIndiadeclared2001as
theYearofWomen’sEmpowerment.
Thenationalpolicyforthe
EmpowermentofWomenwaspassed
in2001.

22. WOMEN ARE DEPRIVED OF:
•Decision Making Power
•Freedom of Movement
•Access to Education
•Access to Employment
•Exposure to Media
•Domestic Violence
NEED FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMNENT :

23. NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
•GOALSANDOBJECTIVES:-
Thegoalofthispolicyisto
bringabouttheadvancement
developmentandempowerment
ofwomen.

24. THE OBJECTIVES OFTHIS
POLICYINCLUDES:-
1.Ceratinganenvironmentthrough
positiveeconomicandsocialpolicies
forfulldevelopmentofwomento
enablethemtorealizetheirfull
potential.
2.Theenjoymentofallhumanrightsand
fundamentalfreedombywomenon
equalbasiswithmeninallspheres
political,economic,social,culturaland
civil.

25. 3.Equalaccesstoparticipationand
decisionmakingofwomenin
social,politicalandeconomiclife
ofthenation
4.Equalaccesstowomentohealth
care,qualityeducationatall
levels,careerandvacational
guidence,employmentequal
remuneration,occupationalhealth
andsafety,socialsecurityand
publicofficeetc.

26. •5.Strengtheninglegalsystems
aimedateliminationofallforms
ofdiscriminationagainst
women.
•6.Changingsocietalattitudeand
communitypracticesbyactive
participationandinvolvementof
bothmenandwomen.

27. 7.Eliminationofdiscrimination
andallformsofviolence
againstwomenandthegirl
child.
8.Buildingandstrengthening
partnershipwithcivilsociety,
particularly women’s
organizations.

28. Women empowerment STRATEGIES
1.United Nations Development
programme
millennium development goals

29. GOAL-1 & 2

30. GOAL-3 & 4

31. GOAL-5 & 6

32. GOAL-7& 8

33. GOAL-3
PROMOTE GENTER EQUQLITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
.INDICATORS
•Target3a:Eliminategenderdisparityin
primaryandsecondaryeducation
preferablyby2005,andatalllevelsby
2015
•3.1Ratiosofgirlstoboysinprimary,
secondaryandtertiaryeducation
•3.2Shareofwomeninwageemploymentin
thenon-agriculturalsector
•3.3Proportionofseatsheldbywomenin
nationalparliament

34. 2.The Ninth Five Year Plan
commitsto`EmpowerWomen'through
creatingan
enablingenvironmentwherewomencanfreely
exercisetheirrightsbothwithinand
outsidetheirhomes,asequalpartnersalongwith
men.Thisisplannedtoberealised
through‘TheNationalPolicyforEmpowerment
ofWomen’,withdefinitegoals,targets
andpolicyprescriptionsalongwithawell-
definedGenderDevelopmentIndextomonitor
theimpactofitsimplementationinraisingthe
statusofwomen

35. 3.UnitedNations1995FourthWorld
ConferenceonWomenheldin
Beijingwith20,000participants.It
focusedonrightsofwomento
acquire–
•Education
•Economic Power
•Inclusion in leadership
•Involvement in decision making

36. •ThenodalDepartmentofWomenand
ChildDevelopment,responsiblefor
empoweringwomen,formulatespolicies
andprogrammes;enacts/amends
legislationconcerningwomen;and
reviews,guidesandcoordinatesefforts
ofgovernmentaland
non-governmentalorganizations.In
addition,theDepartmentimplementsa
fewinnovativeprogrammes,which
include:-
i)empoweringstrategies;
ii)employmentandincomegeneration;

37. ;iii)welfareandsupportservices;
iv)awarenessgenerationand
gender
sensitization;and
v)otherenablingmeasures.
Theseprogrammesare
supplementary/complementaryto
othergeneraldevelopmentalefforts
forwomen.

38. •Changesinwomen'smobilityand
socialinteraction;
•Changesinwomen'slabour
patterns;
•Changesinwomen'saccesstoand
controloverresources;and
•Changesinwomen'scontrolover
decision-making.
WAYS TO EMPOWER WOMEN :

40. •Politicalempowermentofwomenis
onlyapartoftheoverallmainstreaming
ofwomen.
•Educationofwomenmeansgreater
awarenessoftheirroleinsociety.
•Awarenessoftheirrights,better
knowledgeofhousekeepingandbetter
performanceoftheirrolesasa
housewifeandmother.
SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT :

41. •Educationandtraininghaveopenedup
theavenuesofemploymentandself-
employmentintheorganizedsector.As
neverbeforewomenareworkingin
diversefieldsasdoctors,engineers,IAS
officers,IPSofficers,bankofficialsandin
awiderangeofsectorsintheunorganized
sector.Inagriculture,mostofthe
operationsarerunbywomen.

42. ROLE OF NGO’s :
•Non-governmentalorganizationsareplayinga
significantroleintheempowermentof
disadvantageswomen.Justafewyearsafter
Independence,theGovernmentsetupthe
CentralSocialWelfareBoard,anapexbodyof
thevoluntarysectorthataidsmorethan10,000
NGOsacrossthecountry,helpingwomenstand
ontheirownthroughsuchprogrammeassocio-
economicprogramme,vocationaltrainingand
othersimilarprogrammes.

44. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT :
•TheDepartmentofWomenandChild
Developmenthasbeenimplementingspecial
programmesfortheholisticdevelopmentand
empowermentofwomenwithmajorfocusto
improvetheirsocio-economicstatus.Therehas
beenpolicyshiftsfromtimetotimebasedonthe
shiftsinemphasis.
•Theyear2001wasdeclaredas“Women’s
EmpowermentYear”tobringgreaterfocusonthe
programmesforwomen.

45. •AprogrammeofSupporttoTraining-cum-
EmploymentforWomen(STEP)waslaunchedin
1987tostrengthenandimprovetheskillsfor
employmentopportunitiesforwomenbelowthe
povertyline,intraditionalsectorsofagriculture,
smallanimalhusbandryetcwherewomenare
employedonalargescale..
•SwayamsidhalaunchedinMarch2001andtheSwa-
ShaktiProject(earlierknownasRuralWomen’s
DevelopmentandEmpowermentProject),launched
inOctober1998.

46. EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
•Economic Empowerment of women
•Poverty Eradication
by offering them a range of economic and social
options, along with necessary support measures
to enhance their capabilities.

47. • Micro Credit
strengtheningofexistingmicro-credit
mechanismsandmicro-financeinstitution
willbeundertakensothattheoutreachof
creditisenhanced

48. • Women and Economy
Theircontributiontosocio-economic
developmentasproducersandworkerswillbe
recognizedintheformalandinformalsectors
(includinghomebasedworkers)andappropriate
policiesrelatingtoemploymentandtoherworking
conditionsshouldbedrawnup.

49. •Globalization
Benefitsofthegrowingglobaleconomyhave
beenunevenlydistributedleadingtowider
economicdisparities,thefeminizationofpoverty,
increasedgenderinequalitythroughoften
deterioratingworkingconditionsandunsafe
workingenvironment.

50. •WomenandAgriculture
Concentratedeffortsshouldbemadetoensurethat
benefitsoftraining,extensionandvariousprogrammes
willreachtheminproportiontotheirnumbers.

51. •WomenandIndustry
comprehensivesupportintermsoflabour
legislation,socialsecurityandothersupport
servicestoparticipateinvariousindustrialsectors.

52. SupportServices
childcarefacilities,includingcrechesatwork
placesandeducationalinstitutions,homesforthe
agedandthedisabled

53. social empowerment of women
•Education for women
Equal access to education as men and boys

54. • Healthcare for women
•Participation of women in development of
science and technology

55. •Nutrition of women
•Drinking Water and
•Sanitation

56. •Housing and Shelter
•
•Environment

57. Political empowerment
•Recognizingthateducationandtraining
•Toacknowledgeandaccepttheglaringgender
basedbias
•Empoweringwomenbyincreasingawareness
regardingtherightsofanemployee.
•Workonthecommunicationskillsofwomen
•Encouragingandsupportingwomenentrepreneurs
todevelopmarketablemodelsofenterprise

58. Cultural Empowerment of Women
•Thereshouldbeachangeinthemindsetof
societyonafundamentallevel.Cultural
empowermentassuchcanbeachievedonly
whenwomenaretreatedashumanbeingsfirst
andforemost

59. Women in difficulties
•Fighting against violence and
discrimination
Rights of the Girl Child
•Mass Media

60. ADVANTAGES OF WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
•nextgenerationwillbeempoweredbecauseof
her.
•ifwomanwillbeempoweredshewillnotbea
burdenonanyone.
•financialburdenofmancanbesharedwithher
support.
•familycanbemorestrongbecauseofboth
workinghands.
•whenfinancialproblemswillbesharedthan
resultsofconflict.

61. RIGHTS OF WOMEN
•therighttoworkasahumanbeing.
•Therighttothesameemployment
opportunities,includingapplicationofthe
samecriteriaforselection.

62. •Therighttofreechoiceofprofessionand
employment,therighttopromotion,job
securityandallbenefitsandconditionsof
serviceandrighttoreceivevocational
trainingandretraining.
•Therighttoequalremuneration.
•Therightofsocialsecurityaswellasthe
righttopaidleave.
•Therighttoprotectionofhealthandto
safety.

63. CONCLUSION :
Women representhalftheworld’s
population,andgenderinequalityexistsin
everynationontheplanet.Untilwomenare
giventhesameopportunitiesthatmenare,
entiresocietieswillbedestinedtoperform
belowtheirtruepotentials.Thegreatestneed
ofthehourischangeofsocialattitudeto
women.

64. •Theoriginofachildisamother,a
woman.….sheshowsamanwhat
sharing,caring,andlovingisall
about.Thatistheessenceofa
woman."

65. THANK YOU