Womens-Reservation-Bill-2023-128th-Constitutional-Amendment-Bill.pptx

reservation bill for women

1. Women's Reservation Bill 2023 (128th Constitutional Amendment Bill) Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam

2. Table of contents Need for the Women’s Reservation bill Key Features of the bill Political Impact Conclusion 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Queries Controversies Pros and Cons Introduction Historical Background

3. Introduction The Women's Reservation Bill 2023, known as the 128th Constitutional Amendment Bill or Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, stands as a pivotal moment in Indian politics. This presentation will delve into the rich historical context, the tumultuous journey of the bill, its present status, and the potential ramifications it carries for the political landscape.

4. Need There are 82 women Members of Parliaments in LS (15.2%) and 31 women in RS(13%). While the number has increased significantly since the 1st Lok Sabha (5%) but is still far lower than in many countries. According to recent UN Women data, Rwanda (61%), Cuba (53%), Nicaragua (52%) are the top three countries in women representation.   Bangladesh (21%) and Pakistan (20%) as well are ahead of India in case of female representation.

5. Historical Background Pre-Independence Era During the Constituent Assembly's deliberations, only 15 women were among the 299 members, and all of them opposed it. The opposition to reservations for women at the time was grounded in the idealistic belief that women do not need special consideration, as the focus was on achieving equality. Dakshayani Velayudhan Sarojini Naidu

6. Timeline 1 1989 Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's government introduced a Constitution Amendment Bill proposing one-third reservation for women in rural and urban local bodies. This bill successfully passed in the Lok Sabha but faced resistance in the Rajya Sabha. 2 1992-1993 3 1996 The 73rd and 74th Constitution amendments were enacted during the P.V. Narasimha Rao’s government, providing for 33% reservations in Panchayats and Municipalities. Under Prime Minister HD Deve Gowda, the 81 st Amendment Bill was introduced, seeking one-third reservation for women in the parliament. A Geeta committee was formed which suggested the parliament extend reservations for OBCs.

7. 3 1997 1998, 1994, 2004 2010 5 4 Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee attempted to reintroduce the bill, but the OBC reservation and the Muslim Reservation demand raised by G.M. Banatwala and Iliyas Azmi were the major issues. Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral made an unsuccessful attempt to reintroduce the bill, with the OBC reservation issue still unresolved. Under Prime Minister Manmohan Singh bill was successfully passed in Rajya Sabha.

8. Present Status The Women's Reservation Bill, as the 128th Constitutional Amendment, was successfully passed in both the Lok Sabha on 20 Sept 2023 and the Rajya Sabha on 21 Sep 2023. This legislation marks a pivotal moment in Indian politics, as it ensures 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and all State Legislative Assemblies.

9. Key Features The Bill provided for inserting  Article 330A  into the constitution, which borrows from the provisions of Article 330, which provides for the reservation of seats to SCs/STs in the Lok Sabha. The Bill provided that reserved seats for women may be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in states or Union Territories. In the seats reserved for SCs/STs, the Bill sought to provide  one-third of the seats to be reserved for women on a rotational basis. Reservation of Women in the Lower House Male Candidates: 67% Female Candidates: 33%

10. The Bill introduces Article 332A, which mandates the reservation of seats for women in every state Legislative Assembly. Additionally, one-third of the seats reserved for SCs and STs must be allocated for women, and  one-third of the total seats filled through direct elections to the Legislative Assemblies  shall also be reserved for women. 2. Reservation for Women in State Legislative Assemblies:

11. Article 239AA   to the constitution grants special status to the Union Territory of Delhi as the national capital about its administrative and legislative functioning. Article 239AA(2)(b)  was amended by the bill accordingly to add that the laws framed by parliament shall apply to the National Capital Territory of Delhi. 3. Reservation for Women in NCT of Delhi(New clause in 239AA ) :

12. The reservation will be effective after the census conducted after the commencement of this Bill has been published. Based on the census,  delimitation  will be undertaken to reserve seats for women.  The reservation will be provided for a period of 15 years.  However, it shall continue till such date as determined by a law made by Parliament. Rotation of Seats:   Seats reserved for women will be rotated after each delimitation, as determined by a law made by Parliament. 4. Commencement of Reservation (New article -334A)

13. Political Impact The Women's Reservation Bill, if implemented, has the potential to revolutionize the political landscape in India. It can lead to increased participation of women in decision-making, resulting in more inclusive policies and a more representative democracy.

14. Pros and Cons Pros Enhanced Women's Representation Empowerment of Women Diverse Perspectives in Decision-Making Cons Delayed implementation due to the necessity of census and delimitation. The bill does not account for the reservation of seats for OBC women Challenges in Implementation The current Bill does not provide women’s reservation in the Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Councils. The Rajya Sabha currently has a lower representation of women than the Lok Sabha .

15. Controversies 1 OBC Reservation Numerous political parties have raised concerns regarding the absence of OBC reservations in the Women's Reservation Bill. However, identifying OBC individuals poses a significant challenge, given the absence of a caste census since 1937 and the fact that OBC classifications vary from one state to another. 2 Religious Reservation Controversy The issue of religious reservation has also emerged as a controversial aspect of the Women's Reservation Bill. Some groups argue that seats should be reserved not only for women but also for women from religious minorities and other marginalized communities. MP Imtiyaz Jaleel MP Asaduddin Owaisi

16. Conclusion The 128 th Constitution Amendment Act, introduced on 19 th September 2023 has brought up a revolution in Women Leadership and aims to maintain the diverse perspectives in the decision – making process. Although Gender Equality aims at equal distribution of power among Male and Female Candidates, this bill has provided the basis for further improvements and analysis of various statistical parameters and cultural factors etc.

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18. Thank You Harshadeep – 21011A0519 Sathwik – 21011A0531 Toyesh – 21011A0524 Vibhas – 21011A0503