World blood donor day pp

14 th June world blood donor day 2018

1. World Blood Donor Day Tutor Department of Community Medicine SLBSGMC Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India Dr. AKshay Minhas

2. Key facts Of the 112.5 million blood donations collected globally, approximately half of these are collected in high-income countries, home to 19% of the world’s population. In low-income countries, up to 65% of blood transfusions are given to children under 5 years of age; whereas in high-income countries, the most frequently transfused patient group is over 65 years of age, accounting for up to 76% of all transfusions. Based on samples of 1000 people, the blood donation rate is 32.1 donations in high-income countries, 14.9 donations in upper-middle-income countries, 7.8 donations in lower-middle-income countries and 4.6 donations in low-income countries. An increase of 10.7 million blood donations from voluntary unpaid donors has been reported from 2008 to 2013. In total, 74 countries collect over 90% of their blood supply from voluntary unpaid blood donors; however, 71 countries collect more than 50% of their blood supply from family/replacement or paid donors. Only 51 of 180 reporting countries produce plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMP) through the fractionation of plasma collected in the reporting country. A total of 96 countries reported that all PDMP are imported.

3. Be there for someone else. Give blood. Share life Every year, on 14 June, countries around the world celebrate World Blood Donor Day. The event serves to thank voluntary, unpaid blood donors for their life-saving gifts of blood and to raise awareness of the need for regular blood donations to ensure the quality, safety and availability of blood and blood products for patients in need. An adequate supply can only be ensured through regular donations by voluntary, unpaid blood donors. The host country for World Blood Donor Day 2018 events is Greece, through the  Hellenic National Blood Centre . Be there for someone

4. National blood policy and Organisation Providing safe and adequate blood should be an integral part of every country’s national health care policy and infrastructure. In 2013, 68% of reporting countries, or 122 out of 179, had a national blood policy. Overall, 58% of reporting countries, or 105 out of 181, have specific legislation covering the safety and quality of blood transfusion, including: 79% of high-income countries 64% of middle-income countries 41 % of low-income countries. National Blood Policy

5. Indian Blood Policy OBJECTIVES OF THE POLICY: 1. Govt. commitment to provide safe and adequate quantity of blood, blood components and blood products. 2. To make available adequate resources to develop and reorganise the blood transfusion services in the entire country. 3. To make latest technology available for operating the blood transfusion services and ensure its functioning in an updated manner. 4. To launch extensive awareness programmes for donor information, education, motivation, recruitment and retention in order to ensure adequate availability of safe blood. 5. To encourage appropriate clinical use of blood and blood products. 6. To strengthen the manpower through human resource development 7. To encourage Research & Development in the field of Transfusion Medicine and related technology. 8. To take adequate regulatory and legislative steps for monitoring and evaluation of blood transfusion services and to take steps to eliminate profiteering in blood banks.

6. Blood supply About 112.5 million blood donations are collected worldwide. More than half of these are collected in high-income countries, home to 19% of the world’s population. Collections at blood centres vary according to income group. The median annual donations per blood centre is 5400 in the low- and middle-income countries, as compared to 16 000 in the high-income countries. The whole blood donation rate is an indicator for the general availability of blood in a country. The median blood donation rate in high-income countries is 32.1 donations per 1000 people. This compares with 14.9 donations per 1000 people in upper-middle-income countries, 7.8 donations per 1000 people in lower-middle-income countries, and 4.6 donations per 1000 people in low-income countries. 67 countries report collecting fewer than 10 donations per 1000 people. Of these67 countries , 38 countries are in the WHO African Region, 5 in the WHO Region of the Americas, 6 in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean region, 4 in the WHO European Region, 6 in the WHO South-Eastern Asia Region, and 8 in the WHO Western Pacific Region.

7. Blood donors Age and gender of blood donors Data about the gender profile of blood donors show that globally 30% of blood donations are given by women, although this ranges widely. In 18 of the 118 reporting countries, less than 10% of donations are given by female donors. The age profile of blood donors shows that, proportionally, more young people donate blood in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Demographic information of blood donors is important for formulating and monitoring recruitment strategies. Donors

8. Types of blood donors There are 3 types of blood donors: voluntary unpaid family/replacement paid. An adequate and reliable supply of safe blood can be assured by a stable base of regular, voluntary, unpaid blood donors. These donors are also the safest group of donors as the prevalence of blood borne infections is lowest among this group.

9. Data reported to WHO shows significant increases of voluntary unpaid blood donations in low- and middle-income countries: An increase of 10.7 million blood donations from voluntary unpaid donors from 2008 to 2013 has been reported by 159 countries. The highest increase of voluntary unpaid blood donations is in the South-East Asian (75%) Region and African Region (37%). The maximum increase in absolute numbers was reported in the South-East Asia region (5.3 million donations), followed by the Western Pacific Region (2.8 million donations). 74 countries collect more than 90% of their blood supply from voluntary unpaid blood donations (39 high-income countries, 26 middle-income countries and 9 low-income countries). This includes 57 countries with 100% (or more than 99%) of their blood supply from voluntary unpaid blood donors. In 71 countries, more than 50% of the blood supply is still dependent on family/replacement and paid blood donors (11 high-income countries, 44 middle-income countries and 16 low-income countries).

10. Blood screening WHO recommends that all blood donations should be screened for infections prior to use. Screening for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis should be mandatory. Blood screening should be performed according to the quality system requirements. Of reporting countries, 13 are not able to screen all donated blood for 1 or more of the above infections. Irregular supply of test kits is one of the most commonly reported barriers to screening. The prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections in blood donations in high-income countries is considerably lower than in low- and middle-income countries (Table 1) Screening

11. Blood processing Blood collected in an anticoagulant can be stored and transfused to a patient in an unmodified state. This is known as ‘whole blood’ transfusion. However, blood can be used more effectively if it is processed into components, such as red cell concentrates, platelet concentrates, plasma and cryoprecipitate. In this way, it can meet the needs of more than one patient. The capacity to provide patients with the different blood components they require is still limited in low-income countries: 50% of the blood collected in low-income countries is separated into components, 59% in lower-middle-income countries, 92% in upper-middle-income countries, and 97% in high-income countries. Blood Processing

12. Supply of plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMP) It is the responsibility of individual governments to ensure sufficient and equitable supply of plasma-derived medicinal products, namely immunoglobulins and coagulation factors, which are needed to prevent and treat a variety of serious conditions that occur worldwide. Only 51 of 180 reporting countries produce plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMP) through the fractionation of plasma collected in the reporting country. A total of 96 countries reported that all PDMP are imported, 17 countries reported that no PDMP were used during the reporting period. Around 14.4 million litres of plasma from 44 reporting countries was fractionated for the production of PDMP during the year. This includes around 41% of plasma recovered from the whole blood donations

13. Clinical use of blood Unnecessary transfusions and unsafe transfusion practices expose patients to the risk of serious adverse transfusion reactions and transfusion-transmissible infections. Unnecessary transfusions also reduce the availability of blood products for patients who are in need. WHO recommends the development of systems, such as hospitals transfusion committees and haemovigilance, to monitor and improve the safety of transfusion processes.

14. In this regard: 126 countries have national guidelines on the appropriate clinical use of blood: 34 countries in the African region (74% of reporting countries in the region), 20 in the Americas (57 %), 14 in the Eastern Mediterranean (70%), 33 in Europe (77%), 8 in the South East Asia (72%), and 17 in the Western Pacific (68%). Transfusion committees are present in 39% of the hospitals performing transfusions: 14% of hospitals performing transfusion in the African region have a transfusion committee, 20% in the Americas, 57% in the Eastern Mediterranean, 92% in Europe, 57% in South-East Asia and 25% in the Western Pacific. Clinical audits are conducted in 54% of hospitals performing transfusion in high-income countries and in 42% of hospitals in the middle- and low-income countries. Systems for reporting adverse transfusion events are present in 17 % of hospitals in the African region, 91% in the Americas, 32% in the Eastern Mediterranean, 99% in Europe, 59% in South East Asia and 37% in the Western Pacific. 39% of reporting countries have a haemovigilance system. The European region has the highest percentage of countries with haemovigilance systems (77%), followed by South-East Asia (46%), the Eastern Mediterranean (35%), the Western Pacific (32%), Africa (26%), and the Americas (14%).

15. Blood transfusions There are great variations between countries in terms of the age distribution of transfused patients. For example, in the high-income countries, the most frequently transfused patient group is over 65 years of age, which accounts for up to 76% of all transfusions. In high-income countries, transfusion is most commonly used for supportive care in cardiovascular surgery, transplant surgery, massive trauma, and therapy for solid and haematological malignancies. In the low-income countries, up to 65% of transfusions are for children under the age of 5 years. In low- and middle-income countries it is used more often to manage pregnancy-related complications and severe childhood anaemia. Blood Transfusions

16. How we can help? Donate Blood Thanks for saving my life

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