world history .Udaan IAS In Faridabad, Haryana

world history for upsc , ssc , pcs and other related exams by udaan ias institute faridabad .

1. WORLD HISTORY

2. Feudalism Capitalism
Renaissance
Reformation
Geographical discovery
The Renaissance was an artistic
and cultural movement
Reformation was a process of
religious renovation

3. Feudalism
Society was
divided into rigid
classes
Village based
economy
No central
authority
Self sufficient
economy Produced little
surplus for tradeDecline in
trade and town
Europe Mediaeval period
(600 AD- 1500AD)
Source of power
was land

5. The transition from mediaeval Europe to
modern Europe
It is referred as transition from feudalism to capitalism.
There are 3 factors which transform the mediaeval system of Europe.
1)Renaissance
2)Reformation
3)Geographical discovery

6. Renaissance
15
th
and 16
th
century is referred as period of
Renaissance in Europe started in Rome.
The literal meaning of Renaissance is rebirth.
There were development in art , architecture,
literature, and science in renaissance period
It was continuous tradition of great cultural heritage
of Rome and beginning of new trend with
enlightenment ideas .
Renaissance is called discovery of man in world.

7. He was the first person who dare to say
Jesus was a historical personality.
He is called Prince Of Humanism.

8. Humanism:- focus on humanity rather than divinity.
Study of man and nature rather than theology
New thinking was humanistic and rational.
Humanism was against fatalism .
Politics to be treated as separate matter from religion thus
Secularism can be linked to Renaissance.
The Pieta by
Michelangel
o

9. Johannnes Gutenberg
(1400-1458),
German who made the first printing press
In 1455, 150 copies of the Bible were printed
in the workshop of Johannnes Gutenberg
Scientific revolution began.
Views of the church regarding physical event
Discarded. Only those phenomena were
accepted which could be explained through
Scientific method.

10. Copernican Revolution
Copernicus asserted that the planets,including
the earth, rotate around the sun.
A devout Christian
He did not want his manuscript,
De revolutionibus (The Rotation) to be printed
On his deathbed, he gave it tohis follower,
Joachim Rheticus
He gave the concept of Heliocentric.
Copernicus
(1473-1543)

11. Johannes Kepler
(1571-1630)
Earth revolve around sun in elliptical manner
Book :-Cosmographical Mystery

12. Bruno
1548-1600
He supported the Copernicus concept
He was burnt alive
He is against church
ज िंदा लाओ इसे

13. Reformation
It was religious movement in Europe in 15
th
and 16
th
century
European society
Clergy:-Control 1/5
th

of European resources
Aristocrats
Common man

14. Tithe :- a land tax collected
by clergy
Simoni:- it was a letter, after
purchasing simoni anyone
can be free from sin
Martin Luther
(1483-1546)
This policy of church was
first opposed by Martin
Luther
Followers of Martin Luther
were called Protestant

15. Reformation
Protestant Reformation Catholic Reformation
It was a movement against the
practices and authority of radical
catholic church.
First Protestant church was established in
Germany
Germany rulers supported Luther
In England, king Henry VII declared
himself the head of the church.
Protestant used people language rather
than elitist Latin.
Bible was translated into local language
It was a reform process inited
catholic church due to rising
popularity of Protestant church
They formed an organisation called Jesuit
(Soldiers of Jesus)
They set up mission in India, China, Africa,
and America

16. 30 years war effected
European economy
Migration in
America started

17. Geographical Discovery
Ptolemy
(100-170 AD)
In 1477, Ptolemy’s Geography (written 1,300 years earlier) became
available in print
Ptolemy had suggested that the world was spherical
He underestimated the width of the oceans
From reading history texts , now European had knowledge of three
continents Africa, Asia and Europe
The European economy went through a decline from the mid-fourteenth to the
mid-fifteenth centuries.
Plague and wars led to depopulation in many parts of Europe,
Shortage of gold and silver, used for making European coins.
Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453
The possibility that many more people could be brought into the fold of Christianity
made many devout Christian Europeans ready to face adventure.

18. Capitulaciones:- Spainese ruler claim right to
sovereignty and leader of expedition given the title
and right to govern
Spain

20. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was a self-taught man who sought
adventure and glory
He was convinced that his destiny lay in discovering a route to the East
(the‘Indies’) by sailing westwards.
He was inspired by reading Imago Mundi (a work on astronomy and
geography) by Cardinal Pierre d’Ailly written in 1410
Sail from the port of Palos on 3 August 1492.
Santa Maria

21. 1499 Amerigo Vaspucci
sighted South American coast
1500 Cabral claims Brazil
for Portugal
1498 Vasco da Gama
arrived Calicut

22. English Revolution
Struggle for democracy against rule of Absolute monarchy in England
English Civil
War(1642-51)
Between parliamentarians
and pro Monarchy Royalist
Parliamentarians opposed
divine rule of King charles I
King Charles I
Claimed
divine rights
Levy of tax
without consent of
parliament

23. Glorious Revolution 1688 in England:-
Legally established the supermacy of parliament
Parliament first time appointed the king
Form a limited constitutional monarchy
Democracy with supermacy of Parliament

24. American Revolution

25. American Revolution is also known
as American Revolutionary war or
American war of Independence
13 colonolies of Britain
in North America
V/S
British
The war fought between kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen colonies
of Britain on North American continent from the year 1776 to 1786

26. Background
During 30 years war in
Europe, the European
economy negetivly
affected
30 years
war
Migration of traders and
entrepreneurs

27. 1607
Virginia was the first colony
Settlers:- those people who came from
outside and settled in America

28. 13 colonies were established
Georgia was the last 13
th
colony to be established in 1732

29. By 1776, the relationship between the mother country England and the
colony became worst due to certain reasons and as a result the American
tried to get independence from England
V

30. Causes
Socio-cultural
Political
Economic

31. Political
Governor and military chief
were appointed by England
Legislature
Executive
Local colonial
government
Initially the English and settlers welcomed the political set up by England but later they
demanded home rule

32. America
Unemployed, convicted,
people tired from social classes
are settled in America
Hence they didn’t opposed the
direct rule by England in 17
th

century
Social
England
England was deporting
convicted people to America
Society
Rigid
Privilege based
Elitist

33. 18
th
century
American
society
Liberal
Progressive
Cosmopolitan Materialistic

34. American
society
Django slaves
from Africa
American
They fought for
independence
Red Indian were
natives of
America