World War post war prosperity is a II.pptx

World War II Ms. Smith LGMS

Long Term Causes of WWII Treaty of Versailles Economic Problems Rise of Dictators Alliances

How Did WWI Lead to WWII?

Problems from the Treaty of Versailles Germans felt the peace terms at the end of WWI were unfair & wanted to prove they were powerful again. Accepted responsibility for war Paid reparations (war payments) 33 Billion! Gave up colonies & land Limited military & weapons

Economic Problems World - Great Depression (starts in US) people lose jobs/savings, prices increase, etc Germany - had to pay reparations to Allies Started to print more money hyperinflation= money is basically worthless

Hyperinflation in Germany

Germans are desperate for a leader that can help solve their problems....

Vocabulary Terms Dictator - a leader who has complete power Fascism - a type of government lead by a dictator who controls with absolute force. Usually emphasizes nationalism & militarism Totalitarianism - a type of government that attempts to control all aspects of people’s public and private lives

After WWI, support for democracy weakened as democratic governments failed to meet the needs of the people. People wanted a strong leader to make decisions for them & bring their country back to prosperity...

Rise of the Dictators- Benito Mussolini Country: Italy Type of Gov: Fascism (1st fascist gov) Nickname: Il Duce (The Leader) Political Party : Italian Socialist Party Beliefs-

Rise of the Dictators- Adolf Hitler Country: Germany Type of Gov: Fascism Nickname: Fuhrer (The Guide/Leader) Political Party : Nazi (National Socialist German Workers’ Party) Beliefs-

Rise of the Dictators- Joseph (Jughashvili) Stalin Country: Soviet Union Type of Gov: Totalitarian Nickname: Stalin (Man of Steel) Political Party : Communist Beliefs-

Mussolini

Allied Powers Big Three: Britain, US, Soviet Union

Axis Powers Germany, Italy, Japan

Short Term Causes of WWI Hitler’s Aggression & Failed Appeasement

Hitler’s Goals Make Germany powerful again Get rid of Treaty of Versailles restrictions Eliminate Jewish people Blamed them for Germany’s problems Establish a German Empire known as the “ Third Reich ” Expand German land More German people (Aryans)

Hitler’s Aggression : Hitler did 5 things that went against the Treaty of Versailles before Britain and France declared war on Germany Appeasement: giving into someone’s demands to avoid war Britain and France appeased Hitler because they didn’t want to have another world war. Hitler continued to go against the treaty because he knew Britain & France wouldn’t stop him

1st Thing- March 1936: Hitler Sends Troops to the Rhineland According to T.O.V, Rhineland (part of Germany next to France) was not supposed to have German troops but Hitler sent troops there. Threatened France

2nd Thing- March 1938: Hitler Annexed Austria (Anschluss) Annex: to take over another place Hitler wanted to make Third Reich & expand Germany to include all Aryan people. Aryans in Austria. Anschluss - union between Germany & Austria

3rd Thing- Hitler Wants Sudetenland Sudetenland: part of Czechoslovakia where German people lived. Hitler wanted it as part of Third Reich. Czech. Didn’t want to give up land. Asked Britain & France for help

Munich Conference British & French leaders met with Hitler. Appeasement They said Hitler could have Sudetenland if he promised to not take all of Czechoslovakia. Hitler promised…but lied Chamberlain proclaims “Peace in our time”...

4th Thing- March 1939: Hitler Takes All of Czechoslovakia Hitler invades Czechoslovakia Britain and France still do not declare war

5th Thing- Sept 1939: Hitler Invades Poland (Last straw) Hitler invades Poland because part of this land use to be Germany Hitler does not think Britain or France will act Britain & France declare war on Germany!

September 3, 1939: WWII Officially Begins!

World War II Begins Axis Expansion Battle of Britain Invasion of Soviet Union America Joins WWII

Alliances at the Start of WWII Allied Powers Britain France China Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan **Soviet Union not apart of Axis Powers but signed agreement not to invade Germany

Axis Expansion: Asia Japan attacked China in 1930s before WWII started in Europe Next, attacked Southeast Asia Goal: build a Japanese empire in the Pacific & get resources

Axis Expansion: Europe Poland: Hitler invades from west, then Stalin invades from the east Less than a month, Poland divided between Germany & Soviet Union.

Axis Expansion: Europe 1940 Denmark : invaded entire country in 6 hours!! Norway : invasion lasted 2 months Netherlands : country surrendered in 5 days Belgium : country surrendered in 5 days Predict how Germany was able to invade countries so quickly France : Germany & Italy attacked France. Took control in 2 months. One of the major Allies is taken out!

Blitzkrieg “Lightning war” Germany military strategy used to create disorganization in enemy. Air raids (bombing) quickly followed by land forces & tanks

Battle of Britain After France, Hitler turned his attention to Britain British invasion would bring quick end to war German air force ( Luftwaffe) sent to destroy British air force ( RAF ) 1st Luftwaffe bombed airfields . RAF knew when attacks were coming because of radar & fought back Next, Luftwaffe bombed cities to try to get Britain to surrender. They did not After several months, Hitler gave up & turned attention to Soviet Union...

Battle of Britain

Aug 1939: Hitler & Stalin signed Non Aggression Pact , promising not to attack each other Ensured Hitler wouldn’t have to fight two-front war in WWII like they did in WWI Stalin got land Invasion of Soviet Union

Invasion of Soviet Union June 22, 1941: Hitler breaks pact & invades Soviet Union Soviet Union joins Allied Powers

America Joins the War At the start of WWII, US remained neutral President of US, Franklin Delano Roosevelt saw Germany as a threat. US helps Britain : US sells goods to Britain for cash & Brit ship goods themselves Lend Lease Act: allowed Britain to borrow weapons from US

America Joins the War US upsets Japan US had colonies in Southeast Asia where Japan was expanding FDR blocked Japanese from getting $$ out of American banks & stopped selling resources to Japan

Bombing of Pearl Harbor Dec 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor- naval base in Hawaii Japanese surprise attack! Japanese destroyed many battleships & planes Killed 2,300 soldiers, sailors & civilians Outraged US people Impact: U.S. declares war on Japan & enters WWII

Bombing of Pearl Harbor

The Holocaust

Remember Hitler’s Goals... Make Germany powerful again Eliminate Jews Establish a German Empire known as the “ Third Reich ”

Important Vocabulary Genocide : deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group Holocaust : “sacrifice by fire” a mass slaughter of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally & physically disabled. Carried out by Nazi gov in German before & during WWII Killed 6 million Jews (⅔ European Jews) 200,000 Gypsies 200,00 mentally & physically handicapped

Types of People during the Holocaust Nazis : group that carried out the Holocaust Victims : people/groups targeted by the Nazis Collaborators : people who worked with the Nazis Deniers : people who didn’t believe survivor stories, pretended it wasn’t happening. Righteous Among Nations : Non-Jewish people who helped protect Jews during Holocaust

How did it start? Nuremberg Laws 1935: set of laws prohibiting Jewish people from… Working in gov Being German citizens Going to school Marrying non-Jewish people Laws forced Jews to… Wear yellow Star of David Register all property with gov

How did it start? Concentration camps start to open 1937 Concentration camp : prison camp. Conditions were inhuman & prisoners were generally starved or worked to death or killed immediately.

How did it start? Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass” Nov 9, 1938 Mobs destroyed Jewish property & terrorized Jewish people throughout Germany

Goal of Nuremburg Laws & Kristallnacht was to get Jewish people to move out of Germany. But… other countries around Germany limited immigration of Jews. So Nazis had to do something else to get rid of Jews...

Next step... Jewish Ghettos Sections of towns/cities where Jewish people were forced to live. Poor conditions Crowded Unsanitary Not enough food Degraded by Nazi guards

Next step... Einsatzgruppen Mobile killing squads. Group of Nazis lined up & shot entire Jewish communities

Goal of ghettos was to get Jewish people to suffer/die off because of poor conditions. But according to Hitler, they weren’t dying fast enough . So Nazis had to do something else to eliminate Jews...

Last step... Final Solution Transport men,women and children in cattle cars to death camps where most prisoners were… Starved to death Worked to death Gassed Shot Cruel medical experiments Auschwitz-Birkenau largest death camp.

Last step... Final Solution Hitler’s program of systematically killing the entire Jewish population (Please draw an arrow from this section of your notes and write the defintion on the bottom of the page, I’m so sorry I forgot this!!!) Auschwitz-Birkenau largest death camp.

Concentration & Death Camps

Camp Liberation & Death Marches As the Allied forces were pushing into Western Europe… Surviving prisoners forced on death marches to evacuate camps Didn’t want prisoners alive, sharing stories with Allies As Allies pushed into Germany..started liberating camps Allied soldiers had no idea about the Holocaust until they saw the camps

After the war ended... People were displaced all over Europe Families torn apart. Tried to locate family/friends Many Jewish people moved to Israel which was a country created after WWII as a safe haven for Jewish people

The Death Toll Jewish 6 million Jews over 3 million killed in death camps 90% of Jewish population of Poland, Baltic countries and Germany were killed 2 out of 3 Jews in Europe were killed Non-Jewish estimated 9 -10 million non-Jews killed Roma (Gypsies) Leading citizens among slavic peoples (clergy, civic leaders, intellectuals, judges, etc) Poles, Ukrainians, Belorussians

The Holocaust

Dachau Concentration Camp Photos Taken by Denise Flahive May 2009 1st concentration camp ever open

Recreated Barracks

Foundation of original barracks

Barracks

Watchtower & Barbed Wire fence

Crematorium

Gas Chambers

Execution Wall

Memorial Church

WWII- American Minorities Japanese Internment Camps Navajo Code Talkers Zoot Suit Riots Tuskegee Airmen Women & Children

Japanese Internment Vocabulary Internment camp: prison camp to keep wartime enemies, prisoners of war or political prisoners in.

Japanese Americans Before Pearl Harbor 1940: 127,000 Japanese living in US Mostly lived on West Coast ⅓ born in Japan Some states wouldn’t let them own land, vote or become US citizens

Where we left off in WWII... December 7, 1941: Japan surprise attacks Pearl Harbor! Outcomes: US declares war on Japan, enters WWII US views Japanese Americans as the “enemy race”

Japanese Americans After Pearl Harbor Racial prejudice spread through US. Rumors that Japanese Americans would sabotage US war effort against Japan. The same did not happen for German Americans or Italian Americans

Japanese Relocated Feb 19, 1942: President FDR signs Executive Order 9066 -required all Japanese Americans living in the West Coast (120,000) to move to 1 of 10 internment camps in the US

The Camps

Deportation to Camps People forced to sell property for little $$ before leaving for camps Couldn’t bring much with them to camps

Life in the Camps- Families Changed traditional family structure: only American-born kids could hold positions of authority Families lived in barrack style housing & ate together in mess halls.

Life in the Camps: School & work Children were expected to attend school in the camps Adults had option of working at camp for $5 a day Mostly farming but soil was bad

Life in the Camps: Government Elected representatives to speak with US gov officials about camp issues Did little to help Organized recreational activities for people

Life in the Camps: Hard Times Too cold in winter, too hot in summer Food: mass produced, army style If people tried to flee camp they would be shot by soldier in the watchtowers

Japanese Americans in the Military 3,600 Japanese Amer from West Coast & 22,000 others signed up for military service 442nd Regimental Combat Team: all-Japanese, won many medals for fighting in Italy & Germany Japanese Relocation & Military Service Video

Camps Close Beginning in 1945: some were allowed to return home (in ruins) Last camp closed March 1946 (after WWII ended) 1948: US gov reimbursed for property losses 1988- Congress gave $20,000 to camp survivors

Navajo Code Talkers

US enters WWII American troops soon learned that the Japanese cryptographers are skilled at breaking US military secret codes, resulting in heavy losses for American forces. US searched for a new “unbreakable” code...

Navajo Language Very complex! Only people that could speak were on reservations. “Hidden Language” No written language or alphabet

The Men Recruited 30 Navajo men Physically fit Bilingual - Navajo & English Attended basic training to prepare for war as field messenger

The Code At training Navajo created new military code transmitted in their language so Japanese couldn’t figure it out. Short words Easy to learn Quick to recall 2 part code 26-letter alphabet based on animal names and other language sounds 211 English vocabulary & Navajo equivalent Japanese cryptographers were never able to break the Navajo code

Navajo Code Talkers Navajo Code Talkers were efficient & successful on the battle ground. Some code talkers were mistaken for Japanese enemies and almost killed! Commenting on the Marines’ Iwo Jima landing, Major Howard Conner, the Fifth Marine Division’s Signal Officer, said that ‘ The entire operation was directed by Navajo code. . . . During the two days that followed the initial landings I had six Navajo radio nets working around the clock. . . They sent and received over 800 messages without an error. Were it not for the Navajo Code Talkers, the Marines never would have taken Iwo Jima.’

Coming Home from the War Some went to college Many returned to reservations but work was hard to find 1971: President Reagan thanked N.C.T for their “patriotism, resourcefulness & courage” Few are still alive today

Women during WWII

American Women During WWII- The Homefront Worked in factories & defense plants Volunteered at war-related organizations Managed households Took on “men’s work” when men were drafted to war Wrote letters to soldiers, saved items for war effort, planted victory gardens, etc.

All American Girls Professional Baseball League They even played baseball!

American Women During WWII- The Military 350,000 women served at home & abroad Nurses, WASPS, WAVES, etc. Took office jobs in the army to free up men to fight Drove trucks, repaired airplanes, worked as lab technicians, rigged parachutes, radio operators, analyzed photos, flew military aircrafts across country, etc.

When WWII ended... Women were expected to give up their jobs for men returning home from war & go back to being homemakers.

Women During WWI- Other Countries Germany: Hitler said the role of women was to stay at home to be good wives & mothers and to have more babies for the Third Reich Japan all single women (not just poor) over 15 were required to work in factories in 1943. Married women were encouraged to work. Not as many workers as US. Soviet Union : women worked & served in the military (mostly nurses but some fought as snipers, machine gunners, pilots, & tank crew members)

Zoot Suit Riots Los Angeles, California 1943

LA before WWII Many different groups moved to the city Mexican refugees escaping Mexican Revolution Landless white farmers escaping drought-plagued plains African Americans from the South looking for jobs Japanese Americans living on the West Coast

LA During WWII When US entered WWII, white men fought, women & racial minorities took jobs. Japanese Americans sent to internment camps Many on West Coast thought they were vulnerable to an attack from Japan Set up key military locations between San Diego & LA 50,000 servicemen in LA Jazz became popular- challenged segregation at the time by mixing races in clubs

Zoot Suit Bold & loud style Symbolized crime in LA involving Mexican Americans. Whites saw Mexican Americans as delinquents who went against American values White servicemen & Mexicans began to clash

Zoot Suit Riots June 1943: more than a week long fight between white servicemen & Mexican American boys Mexican American communities were targeted, shops were destroyed Police did nothing to stop the violence

Riots End Sailors not allowed to go into LA Army arrest for disorderly conduct No one could wear Zoot Suits Riots based on racism

African Americans in WWII “The world’s greatest democracy fought the world’s greatest racist with a segregated army” (Ambrose, Citizen Soldier)

African Americans in WWII US Army segregated during WWII 1.2 million African American men & women served in the US, Europe & the Pacific African American numbers grew in the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force & Coast Guard

African Americans in WWII Beginning of War Most assigned service duties & non-combatant units Transportation, supply, maintenance, etc. Towards end of war (1945) African Americans assigned troops as infantry, pilots, tankers, medics, and officers Even fought on D-Day Famous group: Tuskegee Airmen

Tuskegee Airmen 1st African American military aviators 996 pilots 15,000 ground personnel Red Tails 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses Victories helped desegregate army after WWII History Channel Video

Tuskegee Airmen

After the War Army was desegregated. Segregation & racism continued in US but African American involvement in the WWII war effort helped spark the civil rights movement in the 1950s.

Fighting In Europe Ends D-Day Battle of the Bulge VE Day

Germany Retreats 1944: Allies prepare to invade Germany, Japan & Italy June 6, 1914: D-day Allied forces invade Nazi-occupied France on the beaches of Normandy Largest amphibious invasion in history Soldiers crossed English Channel on ships then had to storm the beaches heavily protected by the Nazis. Many died but mission was successful!

D-Day

Allies Advance in Europe After landing in France, the Allies launched an attack against Germany. US troops moved through France with tanks British troops moved along coast to Belgium German forces experienced pressured on both sides & retreated to Germany August 25, 1944: Allies liberated Paris

Battle of the Bulge December 1944: Germany’s last attempt to push through Allied troops German troops advanced & Allies were pushed back into a bulge formation Allies eventually won & pushed Germans all the way back to Germany

Soviet Union End of 1944: Soviet Union drove German troops out & across Poland Feb 1945: Soviet troops entered Berlin (capital of Germany)

V-E Day April 30, 1945: Adolf Hitler commits suicide May 7, 1945: Germany surrenders , WWII in Europe ends! Known as Victory in Europe (V-E) Day

Fighting In The Pacific & WWII Ends Island Hopping Major Allied Victories Atomic Bomb Japan Surrenders

Island Hopping Island Hopping: strategy used by US during WWII in the Pacific Involved attacking certain key Pacific islands on the way to Japan

Major Allied Victories In the Pacific Battle of Midway : turned the tide of the war in the Pacific Stopped the Japanese from advancing further throughout the Pacific Put Japan on defense & US on offense US broke Japan’s code US used aircraft carriers to destroy Japan’s navy

Major Allied Victories In the Pacific Iwo Jima US needed base near Japanese coast Amphibious invasion Defended by 23,000 Japanese Caves, dug outs, tunnels- hard to find Japanese told not to surrender, nearly all died History Channel Video: Iwo Jima

Major Allied Victories In the Pacific Okinawa Last & biggest WWII Pacific battle Involved 287,000 US & 130,000 Japanese US wanted air bases which were crucial to invading Japan Bloodbath 82 day battle Japan lost 77,000 & US lost 65,000 History Channel: Okinawa

Japan Becomes Desperate Most of Japanese airforce & navy was destroyed & Americans started bombing Japanese cities Became desperate but refused to surrender Kamikaze : suicide pilots. Crash planes loaded with explosives in aircraft carriers

Secret Weapon Manhattan Project Since 1941: American engineers & scientist working on 1st atomic weapon Los Alamos, New Mexico Finished weapon in 1945

Critical Decision April 1945: FDR died, Harry Truman became President Learned of secret project & had to decide Risk lives of many Americans by invading Japan Kill thousands of innocent Japanese people by dropping atomic bomb to end war

Critical Decision Truman ordered Japan to surrender unconditionally Japan refused Truman ordered atomic bomb to be dropped

1st Atomic Bomb August 6, 1945 Enola Gay dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima 80,000-120,000 Japanese died in the explosion Thousands more died after because of burns & radiation poisoning Japan still did not surrender

2nd Atomic Bomb August 9, 1945 The Boxcar dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki 35,000-74,000 Japanese died in the explosion Thousands more died after because of burns & radiation poisoning Japan surrendered September 2 1945

Atomic Bombs Nagasaki Hiroshima

Effects of WWII Casualties Cost Criminals Commitment to Peace

Casualties More than 70 million fought More than 55 million died Soviet Union: 22 million Germany: 8 million Japan: 2 million US: 300,000

Cost Most expensive war in history! $4.1 trillion (today) Destructive, countries had to rebuild Germany, Britain, Japan, France had to rebuild US and Soviet Union became the 2 most powerful nations ( superpowers) Superpower: very powerful & influential nation

War Criminals Nuremberg Trials: Nazis leaders put on trial for “crimes against humanity” & “pursuing aggressive war” War trials held in Japan too

Commitment to Peace United Nations created goal: solve international problems peacefully

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