Worm infestation..

nursing

1. WORM INFEASTATION Ms. DIXITA PATEL M.SC NURSING

2. DEFINITION Worm infestation are generally not noticed but can sometime lead to significant problem which affect many organ system. Most of worm Infestation result of unsanitary living condition and poor food preparation.

3. Types of worm infeastation Round worms Hookworms Thread worms

4. Hook worms People usually get hookworm disease by walking barefoot in soil that is contaminated with the feces of an infected person. They are white, small and thin, just like fine thread Hookworm caused by prolong blood loss Infection depend on amount of blood and nutrition status Increase anemia If untreated , it leads to death from heart failure

5. Causes Hookworm eggs are passed in human feces onto the ground where they develop into infective larvae (immature worms). Contact with contaminated soil or sand, especially when walking barefoot Residence or travel in an area with poor sanitation, where human fecal matter may contaminate the soil People who live in warm, tropical, or subtropical areas People exposed to poor sanitation management and hygiene, especially if walking barefoot or with skin-to-soil contact

6. SIGN SYMPTOMS Blood-tinged sputum Cough Fatigue Fever Itchy rash Pale skin or pallor Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration, 

7. DIAGNOSIS EVALUATION Examination of a stool sample Blood tests to check for anemia and nutritional deficiencies Hookworm infection diagnosis is made by identifying hookworm eggs in a sample of stool. Stool should be examined within several hours after defecation. Blood tests for anemia and nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron, are also done .

8. MANAGMENT Wearing shoes when you walk outdoors, especially in areas that might have feces in the soil Drinking safe water Properly cleaning and cooking food Practicing proper hand washing Using a barrier to prevent the skin from touching the soil when sitting on the ground Avoiding consuming soil that may be contaminated with hookworm Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors Not using fertilizer made from human feces Covering children’s sandboxes Taking safety precautions like wearing gloves and shoes when gardening

9. Round worms Round worm: they are round, thin, white/pink worms about 10-20 inch long Some time not notice in stool. Abdominal pain , diarrhea, vomiting may be happen.

10. Thread worms Perinatal itcing for long duration and history of simmilary complain in family is the hall mark of family. It does not cause any serious illness.

11. cause consumption of contaminated water consumption of contaminated soil contact with contaminated feces poor sanitation poor hygiene

12. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Worms in a bowel movement that look like earthworms Worms coming out of the nose or mouth Stomach pain Coughing Loss of appetite Fever Wheezing Weight loss or failure to grow

13. Diagnostic evalution Stool examination to find ova or larvae in the stool. Measure the child worm load all the fecal smear are counted. Less than 20 ova is light worm. Between 20 -40 ova medium worm More than 40 ova heavy loaded

14. managment Drug therapy: Mebendazole Pyrantel Piperazine niclosamine

15. Home remedies Onion juice remove thread worms. ( dose: 3 drops to one teaspoon twise daily) Neem powder remove all types of worms( dose: 1-4 gram twise daily) For 7-12 year old child 20 grams of jaggery in the morning then after 10 minutes , ajwain + salt must be taken with warm water.

16. Nursing care Assisting in identification of parasite Administration of medication Provide emotional and psychological support

17. Preventing method Throughly wash vegetables like carrot, radish, onion and salad leave or any food eaten raw. This snecessary because the soil adhering to these foods may be contaminated with the ova or cyst of parasites. Drinking water should be filter or boil Care should be taken that prepared food and drinking water do not get contaminated through unhygienic handling by a person carrying ova in the finger nails. After passing stool must be disposed off properly. Wasihng hand after pass stool and before eating food.

18. The underclothes must be change daily and bed linen must be kept clean. Child should not be allowed to play barefoot in the field where the soil may be contaminated with ova of hookworm. Regular deworming done help in preventing infestation. Avoid too many sweets and pudding , very fried,and fast food. More green vegetables and fresh fruit should be eaten. Personal hygiene should be maintained. Restrict diet to only home made foods.