Writing a Bibliography.pptx

Research Bibliography

1. Writing a Bibliography Prepared by: BLESSILDA MARIE FALSARIO-MADARANG Masters of Education- Major in Education Administration

2. A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include : the authors' names the titles of the works the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources the dates your copies were published the page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source volumes )

3. A bibliography is… SEQUENTIAL RELIABLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This list is found at the end of the work and allows the person reviewing the data to verify the veracity of the statements and/or figures presented in the data itself. It also allows a writer to give proper credit for quotes or key phrases that have been written and presented in a source that they may have referenced in their paper so as to avoid  plagiarism . A bibliography is an alphabetized list of sources that have been used to compile data, typically in an article, essay, or research paper.

4. There are two main types of bibliography formats: 1. MLA (Modern Language Association) and 2. APA (American Psychological Association ). MLA format  is typically used by those writing in the liberal arts or humanities community. It focuses on the author of the cited source material, in order to help the reader place him or her in the appropriate historical and philosophical context .   APA format , on the other hand, is used more often in the social sciences and is useful for citing from journals and other such publications. Its focus is more on the research presented in the source and when it was released, rather than the individuals who conducted it .

5. The list of references  must be on a new page at the end of your text. The word References should be centered at the top of the page. Do not underline, bold, enlarge or use quotes for the word References. The reference list must include all references cited in the text of your paper. The only exceptions to this rule are personal communications and classical works; they are cited in text only and are not included in the Reference list. General Rules – APA Reference List

6. Capitalization :   Title case:  Each word in the title is capitalized, except for articles (a, an, the), prepositions (against, between, in, of, to), conjunctions (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet), and the infinitive to. Titles of periodicals (journals, magazines and newspapers) are in title case. Sentence case:  Only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. Always capitalize the first word, the first word after a colon or a dash. 

7. What to Capitalize ? Noun type Author or a person Company ,  institution, or agency Product Test or inventory Website or database Periodical (journal, magazine, newspaper) Software, program, or app Legal materials (statutes, acts, codes, bills, regulations, constitutions, etc.; see also  PM  Appendix 7.1 and the legal bluebook)

8. Electronic sources: DOI or URL DOI :  If a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is listed on either a print or an electronic source it is included in the reference. A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that is used to identify a certain source (typically journal articles). Example: doi:10.1080/14622200410001676305. You will not have to include the URL of the article's home page or of the database from which you retrieved the article if a DOI is available. A DOI will help your reader easily locate a document from your citation URL :  If there is no DOI for an article found in an online periodical or book, include the URL for the journal home page. If the article does not have a DOI, APA says to provide the homepage URL for the article or the publisher. Do not provide electronic database information, since it is not stable retrieval information .

9. Order:  Entries should be arranged in alphabetical order Abbreviations : ed. = edition Ed. or Eds. = Editor(s) n.d. = no date (for not date of publication) p. or pp. = Page(s) Vol. or Vols. = Volume(s) No. = Number Italics :  Titles of larger are italicized. Page numbers  Use the abbreviation p. or pp. to designate page numbers of articles from periodicals that do not use volume numbers, especially newspapers. These abbreviations are also used to designate pages in encyclopaedia articles and chapters from edited books .

10. Indentation*:  The first line of the entry is flush with the left margin, and all subsequent lines are indented (5 to 7 spaces) to form a "hanging indent". Authors: list authors in chronological order with the earliest first. Spacing :  All References should be double-spaced, and should have a hanging indent (of 5-7 spaces) for the second and subsequent lines for each entry . URL break:  When the Reference entry includes a URL that must be divided between two lines, break it  before  a slash or dash or at another logical division point . Remove hyperlinks

11. Basic Format for Books Format: Author, A. A. (Year of publication).  Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle . Location: Publisher . Example: Calfee , R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991).  APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication . Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Note : For "Location," you should always list the city and the state using the two letter postal abbreviation without periods (New York, NY).

12. Edited Book, No Author Example: Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997).  Consequences of growing up poor . New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Edited Book with an Author or Authors Example: Plath, S. (2000).  The unabridged journals.  K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

13. Article or Chapter in an Edited Book Format: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.),  Title of book  (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher . Note : When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references, except for newspapers. List any edition number in the same set of parentheses as the page numbers, separated by a comma: (2nd ed., pp.66-72). Example: O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: A metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.),  Gender issues across the life cycle  (pp. 107-123). New York, NY: Springer.

14. Reference List: Other Print Sources An Entry in an Encyclopedia Format: Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article title. In  Encyclopedia Name.  (Vol.#, pp. Page(s)). City, State: Publisher Examples : McGhee, K., & McKay, G. (2007). Insects. In  Encyclopedia of Animals.  (pp. 170-171). Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.

15. T hesis/Dissertation – Unpublished/Print version Format : Author ,  A .  A . ( Year ).  Title of dissertation/thesis  (Unpublished doctoral dissertation  [OR]  Unpublished master's thesis).  Academic Institution ,  City ,  State   [OR]   Country . Example : Considine , M. (1986).  Australian insurance politics in the 1970s: Two case studies . (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

16. Government Publication Format: Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Government Name. Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title: Subtitle (Report No. xxx [if available]). Place of Publication: Publisher. Example: Gilmore, J., Woollam , P., Campbell, T., McLean, B., Roch , J., & Stephens, T. (1999). Statistical report on the health of Canadians: Prepared by the Federal, Provincial and Territorial Advisory Committee on Population Health. Charlottetown, PEI: Health Canada, Statistics Canada, Canadian Institute for Health Information.

17. How to Cite a Magazine in Print in APA Format : Last , F. M. (Year, Month Published). Article title.  Magazine Title ,  volume (issue), pp . Page(s ). Examples : Rothbart , D. (2008, October). How I caught up with dad.  Men's Health , 108-113. Jaeger , J. (2010, August). Social media use in the financial industry.  Compliance Week , 54.

18. How to Cite a Journal in Print in APA Format : Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article title.  Journal Name ,  Volume (Issue), pp. Pages . Examples: Jacoby , W. G. (1994). Public attitudes toward government spending.  American Journal of Political Science ,  38 (2), 336-361. Fearon , J. D., & Laitin , D. D. (2003). Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.  American Political Science Review ,  97 (01), 75. doi : 10.1017/S0003055403000534

19. Electronic sources (web publications) Article From an Online Periodical Online articles follow the same guidelines for printed articles. Include all information the online host makes available, including an issue number in parentheses. Format: Author , A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article.  Title of Online Periodical, volume number (issue number if available). Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/ Example: Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living web.  A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149 . Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving

20. Dissertation/thesis (data base) Format: Last, F.M. (Date published).  Title  (Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Retrieved from database name. (Accession or Order no.) Example: Knight, K.A. (2011).  Media epidemics: Viral structures in literature and new media  (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from MLA International Bibliography Database. (Accession No. 2013420395)

21. Thesis/Dissertation –  Institutional Database ( i.e. University website ) Format : Author ,  A .  A . ( Year ).  Title of dissertation/thesis  (Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis). Retrieved from http:// url.com Examples : Adams, R. J. (1973).  Building a foundation for evaluation of instruction in higher education and continuing education  (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/

22. Article From an Online Periodical with DOI Assigned Format : Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article.  Title of Journal, volume number,  page range. doi:0000000/000000000000 or http://doi.org/10.0000/0000 Example: Brownlie , D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography.  European Journal of Marketing, 41 , 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161

23. Article From an Online Periodical with no DOI Assigned Format: Author , A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article.  Title of Journal, volume number . Retrieved from http://www.journalhomepage.com/full/url / Example: Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights.  Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8 . Retrieved from http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html

24. Newspaper Article Format: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article.  Title of Newspaper . Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/ Example: Parker-Pope , T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry.  The New York Times . Retrieved from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/psychiatry-handbook-linked-to-drug-industry/?_r=0

25. Electronic Books Format: To cite e-book formats you must include the following information: The author, date of publication, title, e-book version, and either the Digital Object Identifer (DOI) number, or the place where you downloaded the book. Please note that the DOI/place of download is used in-place of publisher information. Example: De Huff, E. W. ( n.d. ).  Taytay’s tales: Traditional Pueblo Indian tales . Retrieved from http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/dehuff/taytay/taytay.htm l

26. Kindle Books To cite Kindle (or other e-book formats) you must include the following information: The author, date of publication, title, e-book version, and either the Digital Object Identifer (DOI) number, or the place where you downloaded the book. Please note that the DOI/place of download is used in-place of publisher information. Example : Stoker, B. (1897).  Dracula  [Kindle DX version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com

27. How to Cite a Book in Print in APA Format: Last , F. M. (Year Published)  Book.  City, State: Publisher Examples : James , H. (1937).  The ambassadors.  New York, NY : Scribner. Rowling , J.K. (2001).  Harry Potter and the socerer'sstone .  London: Bloomsburg Children's

28. How to Cite a Book Online in APA Format : Last , F. M. (Year Published)  Book.  Retrieved from URL Examples: James , H. (2009).  The ambassadors.  Retrieved from http:// books.google.com Porter , R. (1994).  London, a social history.  Retrieved from http://books.google.com

29. How to Cite a Book From a Database in APA Format : Last , F. M. (Year Published).  Book . Retrieved from URL Examples : Morem , S. (2005).  101 tips for graduates.  Retrieved from http://www.infobasepublishing.com Bloom, H. (1986).  American women poets.  Retrieved from http:// www.infobasepublishing.com Make sure to: Add doi (Digital Object Identifier ) if it is available after at the end of the citation instead of URL. If you used an e-reader, you should still include the URL that you retrieved the book from, for example, www.amazon.com.

30. How to Cite an Website in APA Format: Last , F. M. (Year, Month Date Published).  Article title . Retrieved from URL Example: Satalkar , B. (2010, July 15).  Water aerobics . Retrieved from http:// www.buzzle.com Cain, K. (2012, June 29). The Negative effects of Facebook on communication.  Social Media Today RSS . Retrieved from http:// socialmediatoday.com

31. How to Cite a Blog Post in APA Format: Last , F. M. (Year Month Date Published). Article title [Type of blog post]. Retrieved from URL . Example: Schonfeld , E. (2010, May 3). Google throws $38.8 million to the wind [Web log post]. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from http:// techcrunch.com China , The American Press, and the State Department [Web log post]. (2013, January 3). Retrieved from Schonfeld , E. (2010, May 3). Google throws $38.8 million to the wind [Web log post]. Retrieved May 4, 2010, from http://techcrunch.com

32. How to Cite a Journal Online in APA Format: Last , F. M. (Year Published). Article title.  Journal Name ,  Volume (Issue), pp. Page(s). doi :# or Retrieved from URL Example: Poiger , U. G. (1996). Rock 'n' roll, female sexuality, and the Cold War Battle over German Identities.  The Journal of Modern History ,  68 (3), 577. doi:10.1086/245343

33. How to Cite a Journal on a Database in APA APA style does not require Database information in its citations. You would cite the source found within the Database, such as a journal article or a photograph. Format: Last, F. M. (Year Published). Article title.  Journal Name ,  Volume (Issue), pp. Page(s). Retrieved from URL Examples: Jacoby, W. G. (1994). Public attitudes toward government spending.  American Journal of Political Science ,  38 (2), 336-361. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org . Davis, E. (1932). New chapters in American history.  The Science News-Letter ,  22 (605), 306-307. doi : 10.2307/3907973 Make sure to: Provide advanced information for the book if it is available.

34. How to Cite a Magazine Online in APA Format: Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title.  Magazine Title , Page(s). Retrieved from URL Examples: Rothbart , D. (2008, October). How I caught up with dad.  Men's Health , 108-113. Retrieved from http://books.google.com Folger , T. Higgs: What causes the weight of the world."  Discover Magazine, . Retrieved from http://discovermagazine.com

35. How to Cite a Magazine on a Database in APA APA style does not require Database information in its citations. You would cite the source found within the Database, such as a magazine article or a photograph. Format: Last, F. M. (Year, Month Published). Article title.  Magazine Title . Retrieved from URL Examples : China's export prospects: Fear of the dragon. (2010, January).  The Economist . Retrieved from http://academic.lexisnexis.com Miley, M. (2008, December). Magazine's we'll miss.  Advertising Age ,  79 (46), 19. Retrieved from http://connection.ebscohost.com/in print.

36. How to Cite a Magazine Published Directly Online in APA Format: Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year, Month Published). Article title.  Magazine Title . Retrieved from URL Examples : Nasar , S., & Gruber, D. (2006, August). Manifold destiny.  The New Yorker . Retrieved from http://newyorker.com Bradley, K. (2012, December). The trick to tomatoes.  Green Lifestyle Magazine . Retrieved from http://www.gmagazinecom.au/features/3530/trick-tomatoes Make sure to: Determine whether the source was published directly online or originally

37. How to Cite a Dictionary Online in APA Format Format : Author Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Entry Name [Def. Number]. In F. M. Last (Ed.) & F. M. Last (Trans.),  Website Title.  Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL. Examples : Citation [Def. 2]. ( n.d. ). In  Merriam Webster Online,  Retrieved September 24, 2011, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/citation. Hemorrhage [Def. 1]. ( n.d. ).  Merriam-Webster Online.  In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved January 2, 2013, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/citation. Make sure to : Add a definition number (ex 5b). Check the box if the source is well-known. Provide the advanced information for the dictionary if it is available .

38. APA Citation Style Guide: In-text: Multiple Authors

39. Single Author Format: Last name first, followed by author initials. Example: Berndt , T. J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development.  Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11 , 7-10.

40. Two Authors Format: List by their last names and initials. Use the ampersand instead of "and." Example: Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66 , 1034-1048.

41. Three to Seven Authors Format: List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand. Example: Kernis , M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T., & Bach, J. S. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65 , 1190-1204 .

42. More Than Seven Authors Format: List by last names and initials; commas separate author names . After the sixth author's name, use an ellipses in place of the author names. Then provide the final author name . There should be no more than seven names . Example: Miller , F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli , L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos , J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H. (2009). Web site usability for the blind and low-vision user.  Technical Communication, 57 , 323-335. The Best Songs Of - Ed Sheeran - Shawn Mendes - Sam Smith - Maroon 5 - Adele Cover Enjoy Tube • 975K views

43. Organization as Author Example: American Psychological Association. (2003). Example: Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary  (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster . NOTE : When your essay includes parenthetical citations of sources with no author named, use a shortened version of the source's title instead of an author's name. Use quotation marks and italics as appropriate. For example, parenthetical citations of the source above would appear as follows: ( Merriam-Webster's , 1993) Unknown Author

44. Two or More Works by the Same Author Format: Use the author's name for all entries and list the entries by the year (earliest comes first). Example : Berndt , T. J. (1981). Berndt , T. J. (1999 ). When an author appears both as a sole author and, in another citation, as the first author of a group, list the one-author entries first . Examples: Berndt , T. J. (1999). Friends' influence on students‘ adjustment to school.  Educational Psychologist , 34 , 15-28. Berndt , T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents' adjustment to school .  Child Development, 66 , 1312-1329.

45. References that have the same first author and different second and/or third authors are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the second author, or the last name of the third if the first and second authors are the same. Examples : Wegener, D. T., Kerr, N. L., Fleming, M. A., & Petty, R. E. (2000). Flexible corrections of juror judgments : Implications for jury instructions .  Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6 , 629-654. Wegener, D. T., Petty, R. E., & Klein, D. J. (1994). Effects of mood on high elaboration attitude change: The mediating role of likelihood judgments.  European Journal of Social Psychology , 24 , 25-43.