Writing Complex Sentences.ppt englsh practice writing english

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1. Writing Complex Sentences

2. #1: Simple Sentence

A simple sentence has one subject
and one verb

I like to study grammar.

A simple sentence is also called an
independent clause.

An independent clause ends with a
period or semicolon.

3. Independent clause: only one subject and one
verb
I love you.
One
verb
One
subject

4. #2: Compound Sentence

A compound sentence is made up of
two or more simple sentences joined
by one of the following:

A comma and one of the FANBOYS

I like to study grammar, and I love this class.

A semicolon

I like to study grammar; I love this class.

A semicolon and a transitional

I like to study grammar; therefore, I love this class.

5. Two independent clauses joined
together
I love you, and you love
me.
Independent
clause
Independent
clause

6. #3: Complex Sentence

A complex sentence is a simple
sentence (independent clause) to
which a part of a sentence (dependent
clause) has been added.

Because I like to study grammar, I
love this class.

I love this class because I like to study
grammar.

7. A dependent clause joined to an independent
clause. (The dependent clause needs the rest of
the sentence for support.)
Because you love me, I love you.
Dependent
clause
Independent
clause

8. A dependent clause contains a subject and verb. It begins
with a subordinating conjunction, and thus it does not
express a completed thought. A dependent clause is also
called a subordinate clause.
Dependent clauses, like babies, cannot stand
alone.
Because you love me.
Fragment!

9. A Tip on Punctuation
Since dependent clauses are only part
of a sentence, you can never connect
them to another sentence with a
semicolon. Semicolons are only used
between two independent clauses.

I have loved you for years ; although I
never admitted it.

I have loved you for years, although I
never admitted it.
OK
No!

10. Common Subordinating (Dependent)
Conjunctions
aftereven ifnow thatthatwhere
althoug
h
even
though
once thoughwhereas
as if rather
than
unlesswhereve
r
as ifwheneve
r
since untilwhether
becausein order
that
so that whenwhich
before than in casewhile

11. Transitional Words or
Phrases

Transitional words or phrases connect one idea to another.

To Show Chronological Order -afterward, again, also, as long as, as soon as,
at last, before, besides, earlier, equally important, furthermore, meanwhile,
moreover, simultaneously, soon, then, therefore, too, until, when

To Indicate Spatial Order -above, below, beyond, elsewhere, farther on,
here, near, nearby

To Connect Examples or Show Emphasis -for example, for instance, in fact,
of course, specifically, such as

To Compare and Contrast -in comparison, also, likewise, similarly, although,
on the contrary, and yet, but, despite, even so, however, yet

To Trace Cause and Effect -because, consequently, otherwise, since, then,
therefore

To Summarize -in short, in simpler terms, in summary, that is, to summarize

12. #4: Compound/Complex
Sentence

A compound/complex sentence is the
last and most complicated type of
sentence.

It contains at least one dependent
clause and at least two independent
clauses.

13. A dependent clause added to two or more independent
clauses
Because we are a family, I
love you, and you love me.
2 independent
clauses
Dependent
clause

14. Connectors for Compound-
Complex Sentences

The complex and simple sentences may be
joined by a coordinating conjunction(FANBOYS)
or conjunctive adverbs.

Examples of Conjunctive Adverbs:

furthermore, meanwhile, therefore, hence,
moreover, thus, however, and nevertheless

Examples of Coordinating Conjunctions:

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.

15. Examples

Although thought to be
indestructible, the Twin
Towers fell on Sept. 11,
2001, and that forever
changed the NYC skyline.

16. Self-Check

Does your sentence have at least 2 independent
clauses? Underline them.

Are your sentences joined by a conjunction? Draw
a box around it.

Does your sentence have a dependent clause?
Circle it.

Does your dependent clause start with a
transitional word or phrase? Draw a box around it.
Good Job!

17. Simple Compound
Complex Compound/
complex
Since every sentence in English fits
into one of these four categories,

18. CONGRATULATIONS
!
YOU NOW KNOW EVERYTHING
YOU NEED TO KNOW
• To write anything you want to
write
• Any way you want to write it
• And still get the punctuation
right each time!