Xeropthalmia

dry eye

1. Conjunctival Xerosis Baby kumari

2. definition Dry and lusterless condition of conjunctiva due to deficiency of mucin

3. types Parechymatous Epithelial

4. Parenchymatous xerosis Cicatricial degeneration of conjunctival epithelium and glands.

5. Causes Destructive interstitial conjunctivitis seen in …… Trachoma Diphtheric membranous conjunctivitis Steven johnsons syndrome Pemphigoid conjunctivitis Thermal , chemical and radiational burns of conjunctiva.

6. 2. Exposure of conjunctiva to air seen in Marked degree of proptosis Facial palsy Ectropion Lack of blinking of conjunctiva(coma) Lagopthalmos due to symblepharon

7. pathology Chief changes are in epithelium: Ceases to secrete mucus and becomes epidermoid like that of skin with granular and horny layers . Certain amount of vicarious activity in meibomian glands which cover the dry surface with there fatty secretion . Xerosis has nothing to do with failure of lacrimal apparatus.

8. epithelial xerosis Associated with general disease like vitamin A deficiency in diet. Childrens Accompanied by night blindness ( nactalopia ) . Summer

9. Signs Small, triangular , dry white patches outer and inner side of cornea. Covered by dried foam ( Bitot spots ). Due to gas production by Corynebacterium xerosis in the horny epithelium.

10. Bitot spots

11. Treatment Local treatment :- Artifical tears ( 0.7% methylcellulose or 0.3% hypromellose or polyvinyl alcohol) . Frequency varies from 1 hrs to 6 hrs. Dark glasses should be worn . Administration of vitamin A.

12. references Parson 21th edition A K Khurana 6 th edition

13. Thank you