yasir nawaz059 presentation glass green .pptx

Glass

1. GLASS, GREEN TECHNOLOGY & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT NAME :- YASIR NAWAZ WASSAN ROLL NO #:- 21CH059 DEPARTMENT :- CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT :- CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY (CH112)

2. Ø GLASS :- Glass is an amorphous solid, the term is usually applied to inorganic solids and not to plastic or other organics. Glasses don’t have crystalline internal structure. They usually hard and brittle solid. Ø COMPOSITION :- Glasses are made from three main materials Sand (Silicon dioxide or SiO 2 ), Limestone (Calcium carbonate or CaCo 3 ) and Sodium carbonate ( Na 2 Co 3 ). Ø FORMULA :- The most widely used glasses are silicate glasses formed from silica SiO 2 consist of 3D network of tetrahedra where every corner oxygen atoms is shared with temhe adjacent with hedron this SiO 2 tetrahyderal unit also in co-operated into chains and sheets forming different ceramics.

3. Ø WHY GLASS IS CHEMICALLY INERT :- Glass as I understand is made of silicon dioxide which has a crystalline structure that is similar to diamond and glass to be chemically inert. Ø PROPERTIES :- Hardness and brightness : It is hard material as it has great impact resistance against applied load. Weather resistance. Insulation. Chemical resistance. o Colour and shape varieties. Transparency. o Fire resistance glazing. o Properly modification.

4. Ø TYPES OF GLASS :- GLASSES = COMPOSITION Potash Glass = Potassium carbonate , Calcium carbonate & Silica. Pyrex Glass = Barium silicate & Sodium Silicate. Crown Glass = Potassium oxide, Barium oxide & Silica. Lead Glass = Potassium carbonate, Lead oxide & Silica. Three main types of glass is soda lime glass, lead glass and boro silica glass. These three glasses make up around 95% of cullet glass used in production process the remaining 5% is special purpose glasses.

5. Ø APPLICATIONS :- I. Window and doors. II. Facades. Rein for cement structure. Table ware (plates, cups,bowls ). V. Insulation. Conservatory. Jar packing for food. Bottle’s for drink. Automative and transport like aircrafts, shops etc. X. Medical technology optical glasses. XI. X-ray ,gamma rays radiation production.

6. Ø BENEFITS :- Here we try to provide certain benefits of using a glass which are under, ★ ) The glass is 100% recyclable and can be recycled endlessly without loss into quality or purity. ★ ) It is available in different colours or colourless. ★ ) Glass offers virtually unlimited aesthetic options. ★ ) Color is powerful primary consideration in design and stained glass. ★ ) With use of glass, architects maintain a deliberate balance between coloured light and airspace. ★ ). Glass construction have become the symbol of a development in many countries where people tend to see building as a symbols of wealth and luxury.

7. Ø GLASS POSITION IN PAKISTAN :- In Pakistan there are about 25 glass industries which are producing about 75000 tons of glass per year. Now days there is definite improvement in quality of glass. The names of some of glass producing factories are: ★ ) Indus Glass Work at Hyderabad. ★ ) Toyo Nasik Glass Factory at Lahore. ★ ) Khawaja Glass Work at Khyber Pakhtoon Khawah . Pakistan has total of three container glass produces two of which produce glass container for the pharma tical industry.

8. Ø BIGGEST INDUSTRIES OF GLASS IN PAKISTAN :- ★ ) Ghani Glass limited in Lahore. ★ ) Tariq Glass Industry limited Lahore. ★ ) Balochistan Glass limited Industry. ★ ) International silicate PVT Karachi. ★ ) Ahmed Glass Industry Lahore.

9. Ø TOP 5 LARGEST GLASS COMPANIES :- ★ ) Saint Gobain – 2019 Revenue: 49.3$ Billion in Paris. ★ ) PPG Industry – 2019 Revenue: 15.1$ Billion. ★ ) Corning International – 2019 Revenue: 11.5$ Billion. ★ ) AGC Co. – 2019 Revenue: 14.9$ Billion. ★ ) Kyocera Co. – 2019 Revenue: 14.6$ Billion. The Famous for glass the China was leading glass exporting country reaching a value of over 18 Billion U.s dollars the same year, 2nd the Germany, 3rd is United States, 4th is Hong Kong a d the last is France.

10. Ø GLASS MANUFACTURING PROCESS :- The procedure adopted innthe manufacture of glass may broadly be divide into the following stages, Collection of raw materials. Preparation of batch. Melting in furnaces. Fabrication. 5) Annealing. Glass is manufacturing by melting together several minerals at high temperature by sodium and calcium silicate.

11. Ø PROCESS THROUGH DIAGRAM :- Raw material Fabrication Melting Packing & Shipping Secondary Process Inspection & Testing

12. Ø HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GLASS :- Glass as an independent object (mostly as bead’s ) dates back about 2500 BC. It originated perhaps in Mesopotamia and was brought later Egypt. Vessels of glass appeared about 1450 BC, during resign of Thermose III a pharaoh of 18th dynasty of Egypt. v GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :- In green technology that stimulates sustainable development which means indenting environmentally friendly sources of grouth development and new environmentally industries and creating job and technology. v HOW GREEN TECHNOLOGY IS USEFUL IN ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY :- Green technology allows people to continue harnessing energy from natural world through solar panels and wind turbines, dame’s, geothermal wells and other technology. Alternative energy will ensure that fossil fuels are not depleted, green house gass emissions will decrease and global warming slow down.

13. v ADVANTAGE OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY :- ★ ) Energy savings. ★ ) Slowing down global warming. ★ ) Reduce air pollution. ★ ) Less soil pollution. ★ ) Less water pollution. ★ ) Reduce in plastic pollution. ★ ) Green technology may save pollution.

14. v DISADVANTAGE OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY :- ★ ) High Rupees costs. ★ ) Green technology is still quite. ★ ) Technical issues. ★ ) High implementation costs. ★ ) High product costs. ★ ) Lack of knowledge to general public. ★ ) Some companies may go out of business.

15. v HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY :- Beginning in the early 19th century scientist began observe the ecological impact of coal burning industrial plants and manufacture have sought to reduce their negative environment externalities by alternating process to produce less soot or wast by product. v SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :- Sustainable development is over reaching paradigm of the United Nations. The concept of sustainable development was described by 1987 Brutland Commission Report as “ development that meets the needs of the present without comparing in the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. v SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT :- Sustainable development always encourages us to conserve and enhance our resource by gradually changing, the manners in which we develop and use technology. All countries should meet their base needs of employment, foods, energy and water sanitation. Every body is right ful to a healthy, safe and clean environment.

16. v HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :- The concept of sustainable development formed the basis of united nation conference on environment and development held in Rio De Janeiro Brazil in 1992. The summit marked first international attempt to draw up action plans and strategies for moving towards a more sustainable development. v SUSTAINABLE BY GLASS MADE :- Glass is fully recyclable material that can be recycled in close loop over and over again. This is particularly true for glass bottles average have recycling rate varying From 50% to 80% . Glass recycle significant amount of raw materials are saved and natural Resources are preserved.