Zero liquid discharge

THIS IS THE MODERN TECHNIQUE FOR SAVING WATER IN INDUSTRIES .

1. ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE Presented By , Umangi Mehta (17MEN011) Hirva Pandya (17MEN012) Mansi Patel (17MEN014)

2. CONTENTS

3. CONCEPT OF ZLD

4. BACKGROUND Water is a finite resource and cannot be replaced/duplicated. Water resources are theoretically ‘renewable’ through hydrological cycle, but pollution, contamination, climate change, temporal and seasonal variations have affected the water quality and reduced the amount of ‘usable water’. The ground water levels are declining very fast and Rainfall is unevenly distributed over time and space.

5. SOME FACTS

6. NEED for ZLD

7. BENEFITS OF ZLD

8. ZLD OPTIONS

9. KEY STEPS OF ZLD PROCESS

10. RO METHOD RO is presently the best and most energy‐saving available technology for desalting. The purpose is then to use RO to recover as much water as possible before MVC. The ZLD cost drops as RO recovery increases. The recovery in RO is however limited by 3 main factors Osmotic pressure becomes too high for T DS 80,000 ppm Scaling by sparingly soluble salts (Ca, Mg, SO4, PO4, silica), maybe alleviated to some degree using anti‐scalants Fouling (by organics, colloids, biofilms etc.)

11. MVC METHOD

12. MVR EVAPORATOR

13. Process

14. CRYSTALIZATION

15. Video How can you achieve zero liquid discharge (ZLD).mp4

16. CASE STUDY :ARVIND MILLS,SANTEJ AHMEDABAD The Arvind Limited , modern and state of art composite textile complex, is set up in 1997, at Village Santej of Gandhinagar District in Gujarat. Total Area is 421 Acres. Main products of this Textile complex is Shirting fabrics Knit Fabrics Cotton Trousers Fabric. Denim Fabric

17. Basically this area Khakharia is water scare area and no water was available except bore well water . More over there was no discharge point was available for effluent discharge after treatment. So being a textile industry and a intensive water usage this complex is planned with the objective of minimizing water consumption by recycling entire effluent, thus the net withdrawal of the water from bore wells is limited to only evaporation losses. No discharge point was available for the treated effluents in 1997.Hence , Effluent Recycle Plant has been established to recycle the waste water fit for process reuse , for CPP, cooling tower and also for plantation and gardening in the complex. Cost of the ETP Plant is 100 Crores with 45 Acres land area covered in 1997.

18. The textile operations need Process water and produce waste water that is colored , alkaline in nature and having COD and BOD load and is amicable to conventional treatment. Capacity of waste water Treatment and Recycling Plant designed for the complex is 17000 m3/day

19. SLUDGE MANAGEMENT Sludge is de-watered through Belt Press and Dried and disposed to TSDF site of NEPL , Odhav

20. RO REJECT MANAGEMENT Total 94 % Good water is recovered by 3 stage RO system @ 65 Rs/M3 which includes all variable and fixed cost. The 6 % Reject is subject to treat in MVRE Plant Total 35 Crore Invested. MVRE Plant includes MVR Evaporator and MEE-Crystallizer for Salt Recovery and Re-use. The Operation cost is 750 Rs/M3. The Distilled water is used for Steam generation in Boilers. The Dry salt is pure, so used in Dyeing process.

21. MECHANICAL VAPOR RECOMPRESSION EVAPORATION PLANTS

22. SALT RECOVERY AND REUSE Resource Recovery : Recovery of salt from RO Reject by new MVR Technology at cost of 35 Cr Rs. Daily 25 MT/Day Pure GlauberSalt is Recovered.

23. RE-USE OF SEWAGE Arvind Garment Exports Pvt Ltd, Near Dehgam will use 2000 M3/Day Raw sewage of town and after in house treatment will be used in Garment washing. In Ankur Division , Ahmedabad is using 1500 M3/Day Raw sewage in January-2016 after in house treatment for textile fabric processing . 1600 M3/day Sewage Effluent generated from 5000 Nos of Arvind & Smart value homes LLP township project with TATA housing near Arvind Santej Plant. used to produce DM water against Raw water presently used in Arvind. This will reduce raw water extraction from Ground to 900 M3/day.

24. RAIN WATER RECHARGE PONDS • Two Ground water recharge ponds of 5700m3 & 9000 m3 capacity are excavated in 1999-2000 to protect the natural resource. Rain Water recharged from 1999-2014 Total 768505 M3

25. GARDENING AT ETP

26. CASE STUDY :BOMBAY RAYON TEXTILE DYEING , BANGALORE Process: Bleaching, Neutralizing, Washing, Dyeing, Acid washing, Washing, Soaping, Hot washing, Fixing & Softening. Effluent: Sand filter to trap suspended solids Pre-concentration in RO, recycle of water to process Reject to MVR evaporation, recycle of condensate to process Concentrate to ME evaporator for final concentration, recycle of condensate to process Concentrate to solar drying pond Plant capacity 3 x 500KLD In operation since year 2006

27. EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES OF ZLD SPARRO PROCESS Slurry Precipitation and Recycle Reverse Osmosis (SPARRO) Developed for treating hard waste water from mining industry

28. FORWARD OSMOSIS FO is used today for treating produced water in oil industry (generating a larger volumes of waste water ) FO was proposed as an alternative to RO. Viable only when a waste energy (heat or osmotic) is available

29. Applications of ZLD

30. CHALLENGES IN ZLD

31. REFRENCES http://www.industrialgreenchem.com/pdfdocs/Ambernath%20Conference/Day%201/Textile/2-Mr%20sandeep%20patel/Mr%20sandeep%20patel.pdf https://gpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/ZLD_PRESENTATION_12.PDF https://gpcb.gov.in/images/pdf/ZLD_PRESENTATION_3.PDF http://www.sustainabilityoutlook.in/content/market-outlook-zero-liquid-discharge-zld-indian-industry-755285 http://gcpcenvis.nic.in/E-Bulletin/August%20 %20September%202014%20,%20E%20Bulletin.pdf https://www.aiche.org/chenected/2011/11/forward-osmosis-pilot-plant-seawater-desalination ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE THROUGH GREEN CHEMISTRY AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR GREEN ECONOMY BY GPCB.

32. THANK YOU….