ZIMMERMAN'S MODEL by nitika rajput_123330.pptx

Zimmerman model

1. Zimmerman’s model by Nitika Rana M.sc geography 1 st year Roll no. 002

2. CONTENTS Zimmerman’s primitive and advance models of natural resource process What is model Introduction Concept of Phantom pile Relationship of cultural, nature and resource Resistance and neutral stuff Functional theory of resources Conclusion of the model

3. MODEL Model is representation of an system which is made of composition of concept made after conceptualization and generalization process.

4. In it’s simple form of a model is the representation of reality. Geography: Scientific subject, dynamic nature…geographical phenomena changes in space and time.

5. Model ….. Geographical system–described, analysis, simplify.

6. INTRODUCTION “ Erich Walter Zimmerman” was a resource economist at the university of North Carolina and later at University of Texas. He was born in Mainz Germany on 31 uly,1888. As Zimmerman stated that , “ resources are not , they become”.

7. ZIMMERMAN’S PRIMITIVE AND ADVANCE MODELS OF NATURAL RESOURCE PROCESS Prof. Zimmerman’s defines resources as : “ The word resources does not refer to a thing or a substance but to a function which a thing or a substance may perform or to an operation in which it may take part , namely , the function or operation of attaining a given end such as satisfying a want . In other words, the word resource is an abstraction reflecting human appraisal and relating to a function or operation.”

8. In pre-Zimmerman era, only tangible or material substances were considered resources. Different minerals like iron ore, copper, bauxite, different fuels like coal, petroleum etc…the intangible substance like culture are not considered resource. But it was only the words of prof. Zimmermann that defined resources to cover both tangible and intangible : “ Whereas less important invisible and intangible aspects – such as health, social harmony, wise policies, knowledge, freedom – are ignored, even though possibly these latter are more important than all the coal, iron, gold and silver in the world put together; resources evolve out of the dynamic interaction of all these factors”.

9. Concept of Phantom pile Application of new technology or some modern technique on any given substance that it can produces extra resource that extra resource is called “PHANTOM PILE”. The name Phantom pile means that it is technological knowledge that can derive extra resource hidden with in the substance, but man was not able not to harness it due to inappropriate knowledge and technological infrastructure.

10. The figure shows, though the resources reserves tend to decrease by their use and misuse but by the progress and technology per unit capacity and total utilization may be increased many times. It is clear from above analysis that resources are not static and fixed or limited but they are dynamic and chargeable which move or transfer with time and technology development. With development of human civilization and technology resources expands in number, size, quantity and use.

11. RESISTANCE AND NEUTRAL STUFF RESISTANCE:- Any process that restricts substance becoming resources is called resistance. Example:- Rain, water, flood. NEUTRAL STUFF:- Resources which have no practical ability or utility on the basis of present technical knowledge is called as neutral stuff Example:- Till 1895 petroleum was a neutral stuff.

12. FUNCTIONAL THEORY OF RESOURCES Zimmermann has said, “ Resources are not, they become”. This statement is the basis of functional theory of resources. The functional theory postulate that Resources are functional and operational They are man’s creation They are dynamic.

13. CONCLUSION OF THE MODEL The essence of this theory is this theory is that a substance becomes a resource only when its function ability to satisfy a human need is developed by man. Moreover, resources are not only natural or physical but they are cultural as well.

14. Thank you 😊