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1. ANIMAL DEVELOP MENT Course Code: ZYU 4302 GROUP -02 BATTICALO REGIONAL CENTER

2. GROUP MEMBERS Y.YUXSHAN - 721461398 V.KETHISSA – 720262204 A.M.FATHIMA MAZUFA – 223553819 S.EMELSHIYANA – 621460316 K.LENITHA – 123547653 J.FATHIMA HAMTHA – 623546373 J.NIVETHIKA – 223556513 A.RAKSHANA -523547892 Early Gastrulation of A mphioxus

3. Contents……….. Introduction… Stages of Amphioxus Embryonic Development. Key Process in Early Gastrulation. Invagination in Amphioxus Germ layers Formation in Amphioxus . Cellular Mechanisms During Early Gastrulation. Conclusion….

4. Stages of Amphioxus Embryonic Development. 1.Fertilization – External 2.Amount of yolk – Microlecithal 3.Distribution of yolk- Hololecithal 4.Clevage - Holoblastic Radial clevage 5.Blastulation - Balstula exceeds more blastomeres . and blastula formed . 6.Gastrulation - Embryo transform one dimenson layer of epithellium cells into three layer.that is called gastrula.

5. Key Process in Early Gastrulation. 1. Formation of the streak . 2 . Cell migration and migression . 3 . Formation of germ layers . 4 . Notochord Formation . 5. Morphogenatic  movement.

6. Invagination in Amphioxus Invagination is the inward folding of a region of cells in the blastula. The invagination in amphioxus is the first cell movement of gastrulation. Blastula will be transformed and archenteron will be formed. Later two layers will be seen in early gastrula.

7. Germ layers Formation in Amphioxus. The Three Germ Layers will be formed in Amphioxus 1. Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. Endoderm Process of Germ layer Formation 1.Fertilization&Clevage 2. Gastrulationformation 3. Notochorde formation 4. Netrulation .

8. Cellular Mechanisms During Early Gastrulation. 1 . Cellular Migration 2 . Convergent Extension 3 . Ingression 4 . Cell Fate Specification 5 . Formation of the Notochord and Neural Tube 6. Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) 7. Regulation by Morphogen  Gradients

9. Conclusion…

10. THE END THANK YOU