Overview_of_the_Nervous_System for nursing.pptx

A brief overview of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous system before you teach Disorders of the Nervous system

1. Overview of the Nervous System For 2nd Year, 2nd Semester Diploma Nursing Students Course: Anatomy and Physiology

2. Introduction to the Nervous System The nervous system is a complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body. It controls both voluntary actions (like movement) and involuntary actions (like breathing and heartbeat).

3. Main Divisions of the Nervous System 1. Central Nervous System (CNS): Composed of the brain and spinal cord. 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes all nerves outside the CNS. - Somatic Nervous System: Controls voluntary activities. - Autonomic Nervous System: Controls involuntary activities (sympathetic and parasympathetic systems).

4. The Brain The brain is the control center of the body. It has three main parts: - Cerebrum: Responsible for thinking, memory, and voluntary movement. - Cerebellum: Coordinates movement and balance. - Brainstem: Controls breathing, heart rate, and other vital functions.

5. The Spinal Cord The spinal cord connects the brain to the rest of the body. It transmits nerve signals and controls reflex actions.

6. Neurons and Nerve Impulses Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses. Each neuron consists of: - Cell body (soma) - Dendrites (receive signals) - Axon (sends signals) The transmission of signals between neurons occurs through synapses using neurotransmitters.

7. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The ANS controls involuntary functions. It has two divisions: - Sympathetic System: Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses. - Parasympathetic System: Promotes 'rest and digest' activities.

8. Common Disorders of the Nervous System 1. Stroke – interruption of blood supply to the brain. 2. Epilepsy – abnormal electrical activity in the brain. 3. Meningitis – infection of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. 4. Parkinson’s disease – degeneration of nerve cells causing movement difficulties.

9. Summary The nervous system is essential for controlling and coordinating body functions. Understanding its anatomy and physiology is crucial for identifying and managing nervous system disorders.