Values, Beliefs and Attitudes.................

Values, Beliefs and Attitudes.................

1. Values, Beliefs and Attitudes
DR. LOAI ZABIN

2. Valuesﻢﯿﻘﻟا
•Valuesare enduring beliefs ﺔﺗﺑﺎﺛ تادﻘﺗﻌﻣor attitudes فﻗاوﻣ واabout
the worth of an individual, object, idea, or action.
•Values are important because they influence decisions and
actions, including nurses’ ethical decision-making.
•For example, people hold values about work, family, religion,
politics, money, and relationships.

3. •Valuesare often taken for granted ﮫﻧﻣ غورﻔﻣ رﻣا. In the same way
that people are not aware of their breathing, they usually do not
think about their values; they accept them and act on them.
•People organize their values internally along a continuum لوط ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺔﻠﺻﺗﻣ ﺔﺳﻠﺳfrom most important to least important, forming a value
system.

4. Beliefs and Attitudes
•Beliefs تادﻘﺗﻌﻣﻟا(or opinions) are interpretations or
conclusions that people accept as true.
•They are based more on faith نﺎﻣﯾﻻاthan fact ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺣﻟا.
•Beliefs do not necessarily involve values.

5. For example:
•“If I study hard, I will get a good grade.” (Belief)
•“Good grades are really important to me, and I must study
hard to obtain good grades.” (Belief + Value)
•It expresses both a belief (studying leads to grades) and a value
(grades matter deeply).

6. •Attitudesفﻗاوﻣﻟاare mental positions or feelings toward an
individual, object, or idea (e.g., acceptance, compassion,
openness).
•Attitudesare often judged as bad or good, positive or negative,
whereas beliefsare judged as correct or incorrect.
•Attitudes have thinking and behavioral aspects and vary greatly
among individuals.
•For example, some clients may feel strongly about their need for
privacy, whereas others may dismiss it as unimportant.

7. Values Transmission
•Valuesare learned through observationand experience.
•As a result, they are heavily influenced by an individual’ s
sociocultural environment ﺔﯾﻓﺎﻘﺛﻟاو ﺔﯾﻋﺎﻣﺗﺟﻻا ﺔﺋﯾﺑﻟا—that is, by
societal traditions; by cultural, ethnic, and religious
groups; and by family and peer groups.
•For example, if a parent consistently demonstrates
honesty in dealing with others, the child will probably
begin to value honesty.

8. ❑Personal Values
•Although people derive values from society and their individual subgroups, they
internalize نوﺑﻋوﺗﺳﯾsome or all of these values as personal values.
❑Professional Values
•Nurses’ professional values are acquired during socialization into nursing from
codes of ethics, nursing experiences, teachers, and peers.

9. Essential Nursing Values
•Altruism رﺎﺛﯾﻹاis a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. In
professional practice, altruism is reflected by the nurse’s concern for
the welfare ﺔﯾھﺎﻓرof patients, other nurses, and other healthcare
providers.
•Autonomyﺔﯾﻟﻼﻘﺗﺳﻻاis the right to self-determination. Professional
practice reflects autonomy when the nurse respects patients’ rights to
make decisions about their healthcare.
•Human dignity ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺳﻧﻹا ﺔﻣارﻛﻟاis respect for individuals and populations'
inherent worth ﺔﻠﺻﺎﺗﻣﻟا مﯾﻘﻟاand uniqueness درﻔﺗﻟاو. In professional
practice, human dignity is reflected when the nurse values and respects
all patients and colleagues.

10. •Integrityﺔھازﻧﻟاis acting in accordance with an appropriate code of
ethics and accepted standards of practice. Integrity is reflected in
professional practice when the nurse is honest and provides care
based on an ethical framework ﻲﻗﻼﺧا رﺎطاthat is accepted within
the profession.
•Social justice ﺔﯾﻋﺎﻣﺗﺟﻻا ﺔﻟادﻌﻟاis acting in accordance with fair
treatment regardless of economic status, race, ethnicity, age,
citizenship, disability, or sexual orientation.

11. Values Clarification
•Values clarification مﯾﻘﻟا حﺎﺿﯾﺗﺳا is a process by which people
identify, examine, and develop their own individual values.
•In some cases, a values clarification exercise can be useful in
helping individuals or groups become more aware of their values
and how they may influence their actions.
•For example, asking a client to agree or disagree with a list of
statements or to rank in order of importance a list of beliefs can
assist the nurse and client in making the client’s values more open
so they can be considered in planning the client’s care.

12. Clarifying the Nurse’sValues
•One strategy for gaining awareness of personal values is to consider
attitudes about specific issues such as abortion or euthanasia, asking:
“Can I accept this, or live with this?” “What would I do or want done
in this situation?”
•Although there may be some variation in nurses’ perspectives from
different generations.

13. Clarifying ClientValues
•To plan effective client-centered care, nurses need to identify clients’
values as they influence and relate to a particular health problem.
•For example, a client with failing eyesight will probably place a high
value on the ability to see, and a client with chronic pain will value
comfort.
The nurse rarely, if ever, offers an opinion when the client asks for it—
and then only with great care or when the nurse is an expert in the
content area.

14. Moral Distress ﻲﻗﻼﺧﻻا ﻖﯿﻀﻟا
•Ethical (or moral يوﻧﻌﻣﻟا وا) distress arises in situations where nurses
know or believe they know the right thing to do but, for various
reasons (including fear or circumstances beyond their control), do not
or cannot take the right action or prevent particular harm.
•Moral distress occurs when: You know the ethically appropriate
action to take but are unable to act upon it.
•You act in a manner contrary to your personal and professional
values, which undermines your integrity كﺗھازﻧand authenticity كﺗﻟﺎﺻا(American Association of Critical- Care Nurses2006).

15. Conflict in Nursing
•Conflict عارﺻﻟاcan occur in most workplaces. As a healthcare
professional, you spend a large part of your day working and
communicating with others in challenging situations that can
sometimes cause tension.
•To be a successful nurse, you can use strong conflict-resolution
skills to solve issues as they appear.

16. Why is conflict resolution in nursing
important?
Conflict resolution in nursing is necessary to create a productive
and safe workplace by:
keeping patients safe
Boosting morale ﺔﯾوﻧﻌﻣﻟا حورﻟا ﻊﻓر
Increasing efficiency ةءﺎﻔﻛﻟا

17. Types of conflict in nursing
❑Task-based conflict مﺎﮭﻣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ مﺋﺎﻗ عارﺻ
•Task-based conflict occurs when two healthcare professionals disagree on a
technical procedure. For example, a new nurse inserts an IV using a technique
different from the one the hospital uses.
❑Value-based conflict مﯾﻘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ مﺋﺎﻗ عارﺻ
•Value-based conflict occurs when two nurses have different personal values. For
example, you overhear another nurse talking about their personal beliefs, which
contradict your own.
❑Interpersonal-based conflict ﺔﯾﺻﺧﺷﻟا تﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ مﺋﺎﻘﻟا عارﺻﻟا
•Interpersonal-based conflict occurs when two people's personalities or
communication styles strongly differ.

18. How to resolve conflicts in nursing
1. Assess the situation
•Pause and consider how this problem is affecting you and your
workplace environment.Ask yourself what change you are hoping
to achieve by resolving this issue.
2. Understand the conflict
•Take time to think about the conflict from the other perspective and
what goals you have in common, such as efficient patient care.

19. 3. Address the conflict promptly روﻔﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ عارﺻﻟا ﺔﺟﻟﺎﻌﻣ
•Try to discuss the conflict while it is still relevant and before any
tension can build between you and your healthcare teammate.
4. Reach out to the other party
•Set up a time to talk privately. Try to find a quiet, public place away
from patients and other coworkers so you can have an open
dialogue.

20. 5. State your concerns clearly and calmly
•Approach the conversation with the shared goal (patient care) in
mind. You can keep your body language positive by uncrossing
your arms and making direct eye contact.
6. Focus on the issue rather than the person involved
•Try to talk about the actions rather than the other person. By
focusing on the actions and issues, you can help keep the
conversation about resolution rather than blame.

21. 7. Listen with an open mind
•Listen actively when the other person is speaking. Ask questions if
you need more information or formation or want to clarify
something.
8. Collaborate through dialogue
•Once you both state your initial thoughts, try to shift the
conversation to your desired outcomesand brainstorm steps to
achieve them together.

22. 9. Follow up with others if needed
•If you and the other party have difficulty reaching a compromise,
consider bringing an outside perspective. Try to find a neutral
mediator who can provide an unbiased opinion .
10. Prevent future conflicts
•With improved communication skills, you might prevent some
conflicts from occurring.

23. ئراوطﻟا مﺳﻗ ﻲﻓ لﻣﻌﺗ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ ﻰﻋدﺗ ﺔﺿرﻣﻣ .ﻣﻟا بﯾﺑطﻟا تﺎﻣﯾﻠﻌﺗ رارﻣﺗﺳﺎﺑ لھﺎﺟﺗﺗ ،ىدﻧ ﺔﺿرﻣﻣﻟا ،ﺎﮭﺗﻠﯾﻣز نأ تظﺣﻻ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺗ
ﻖﯾﻗد لﻛﺷﺑ ﻰﺿرﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﯾوﯾﺣﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟا لﯾﺟﺳﺗﺑ . ًرﺗوﺗ ﻖﻠﺧﯾو ﻰﺿرﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﻣدﻘﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺎﻋرﻟا ةدوﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ رﺛؤﯾ لﺎﻣھﻹا اذھﻖﯾرﻔﻟا ﻲﻓ ا.
عازﻧﻟا لﺣ تاوطﺧ ﻖﯾﺑطﺗ:
.1 فﻗوﻣﻟا مﯾﯾﻘﺗ)Assess the situation):
◦ﻊﺿوﻟا ﻲﻓ رﻛﻔﺗﻟ ﺔظﺣﻟ تﻔﻗوﺗ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ .لﻣﻌﻟا وﺟ ﻰﻠﻋو ﻰﺿرﻣﻟا ﺔﻣﻼﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎًﺑﻠﺳ رﺛؤﯾ لﺎﻣھﻹا اذھ نأ تﻛردأ.
◦ﺔﻠﻛﺷﻣﻟا هذھ رارﻛﺗ بﻧﺟﺗو ﺔﯾﺎﻋرﻟا ةدوﺟ نﯾﺳﺣﺗ وھ ﺎﮭﻓدھ.
.2 عازﻧﻟا مﮭﻓ)Understand the conflict):
◦ىدﻧ رظﻧ ﺔﮭﺟو مﮭﻓ تﻟوﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ .تﺎﻣﯾﻠﻌﺗﻟا مﮭﻓ ﻲﻓ تﺎﺑوﻌﺻ ﮫﺟاوﺗ وأ اًدﺟ ﺔﻟوﻐﺷﻣ ىدﻧ نوﻛﺗ ﺎﻣﺑر.
◦ﻰﺿرﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻓو ﺔﻧﻣآ ﺔﯾﺎﻋر مﯾدﻘﺗ وھ كرﺗﺷﻣﻟا فدﮭﻟا.
.3 روﻔﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ عارﺻﻟا ﺔﺟﻟﺎﻌﻣ)Address the conflict promptly):
◦ﻊﺿوﻟا مﻗﺎﻔﺗﯾ نأ لﺑﻗ ،نﻛﻣﻣ تﻗو برﻗأ ﻲﻓ ىدﻧ ﻊﻣ ثدﺣﺗﻟا تررﻗ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ.

24. .4 رﺧﻵا فرطﻟا ﻊﻣ لﺻاوﺗﻟا)Reach out to the other party):
◦ةرﯾﺻﻗ ﺔﺣارﺗﺳا لﻼﺧ ﺔﺣارﺗﺳﻻا ﺔﻓرﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻌﻣ ثدﺣﺗﻟا ىدﻧ نﻣ تﺑﻠط ﻰﻠﯾﻟ.
◦نﯾرﺧﻵا ءﻼﻣزﻟاو ﻰﺿرﻣﻟا نﻋ اًدﯾﻌﺑو ﺎًﺋدﺎھ ﺎًﻧﺎﻛﻣ ترﺎﺗﺧا.
.5 ءودھو حوﺿوﺑ فوﺎﺧﻣﻟا نﻋ رﯾﺑﻌﺗﻟا)State your concerns clearly and calmly):
◦ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻗ ثﯾدﺣﻟا تأدﺑ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ" :ﻰﺿرﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﯾوﯾﺣﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟا لﯾﺟﺳﺗ ﻲﻓ تﺎﺿﻗﺎﻧﺗﻟا ضﻌﺑ تظﺣﻻ دﻘﻟ ،ىدﻧ .دﻗ اذھ نﻷ ﺔﻘﻠﻗ ﺎﻧأ ﻰﻠﻋ رﺛؤﯾ
مﮭﺗﯾﺎﻋر .ﺔﻧﻛﻣﻣ ﺔﯾﺎﻋر لﺿﻓأ مﯾدﻘﺗ وھ ﺎًﻌﯾﻣﺟ ﺎﻧﻓدھ".
◦يرﺻﺑ لﺻاوﺗو ﺔﯾﺑﺎﺟﯾإ دﺳﺟ ﺔﻐﻟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ تظﻓﺎﺣ.
.6 صﺧﺷﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ سﯾﻟو ﺔﯾﺿﻘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ زﯾﻛرﺗﻟا)Focus on the issue rather than the person involved):
◦ لوﻗ نﻣ ًﻻدﺑ"ﺔﻠﻣﮭﻣ تﻧأ"ﻰﻠﯾﻟ تﻟﺎﻗ ،" :ﺔﯾﻣھﻷا ﻎﻟﺎﺑ رﻣأ ﺔﻗدﺑ ﺔﯾوﯾﺣﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟا لﯾﺟﺳﺗ .ﻲﻓ ﺎﮭﻧﯾﮭﺟاوﺗ تﺎﺑوﻌﺻ يأ كﺎﻧھ لھ؟رﻣﻷا اذھ"
◦ لﻌﻔﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ تزﻛر)ﺔﯾوﯾﺣﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟا لﯾﺟﺳﺗ (ىدﻧ ﺔﯾﺻﺧﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ سﯾﻟو.
.7 حﺎﺗﻔﻧﺎﺑ عﺎﻣﺗﺳﻻا)Listen with an open mind):
◦تﺎﻣﯾﻠﻌﺗﻟا ضﻌﺑ مﮭﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺑوﻌﺻ دﺟﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﮭﻧأو مﺎﮭﻣﻟا ةرﺛﻛ بﺑﺳﺑ طﻐﺿﻟﺎﺑ رﻌﺷﺗ تﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﮭﻧأ تﺣﺿوأ ىدﻧ.
◦ﺔﯾﺣﯾﺿوﺗ ﺔﻠﺋﺳأ تﺣرطو هﺎﺑﺗﻧﺎﺑ تﻌﻣﺗﺳا ﻰﻠﯾﻟ.

25. .8 راوﺣﻟا لﻼﺧ نﻣ نوﺎﻌﺗﻟا)Collaborate through dialogue):
◦ﺔﻧﻛﻣﻣﻟا لوﻠﺣﻟا ﺎﺗﺷﻗﺎﻧ ىدﻧو ﻰﻠﯾﻟ .ﺎﮭﻣﮭﻓ ﻲﻓ ىدﻧ دﻋﺎﺳﺗو ﺔﯾﺑطﻟا تﺎﻣﯾﻠﻌﺗﻟا لوﺣ تﺎظﺣﻼﻣﻟا ﻻدﺎﺑﺗﺗ نأ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ تﺣرﺗﻗا.
◦لﺿﻓأ لﻛﺷﺑ ﺔﯾوﯾﺣﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟا لﯾﺟﺳﺗ تﻗو مﯾظﻧﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻘﻔﺗا.
.9 رﻣﻷا مزﻟ اذإ نﯾرﺧﻵا ﻊﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺗﻣﻟا)Follow up with others if needed):
◦ةدﻋﺎﺳﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ لوﺻﺣﻠﻟ ﻖﯾرﻔﻟا فرﺷﻣ وأ مﺳﻘﻟا ﺔﺳﯾﺋر ﻊﻣ ثدﺣﺗﻠﻟ ةدﻌﺗﺳﻣ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ تﻧﺎﻛ ،لﺣ ﻰﻟإ لﺻوﺗﻟا نﻣ اوﻧﻛﻣﺗﯾ مﻟ اذإ.
◦مﮭﺳﻔﻧﺄﺑ ﺔﻠﻛﺷﻣﻟا لﺣ نﻣ اوﻧﻛﻣﺗ ،ظﺣﻟا نﺳﺣﻟ.
.10 ﺔﯾﻠﺑﻘﺗﺳﻣﻟا تﺎﻋازﻧﻟا ﻊﻧﻣ)Prevent future conflicts):
◦مﺎظﺗﻧﺎﺑ تﺎظﺣﻼﻣﻟا لدﺎﺑﺗو لﺿﻓأ لﻛﺷﺑ لﺻاوﺗﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺗﻘﻔﺗا ىدﻧو ﻰﻠﯾﻟ.
◦نﯾﺿرﻣﻣﻟا ﻊﯾﻣﺟﻟ ﺔﯾوﯾﺣﻟا تﺎﻣﻼﻌﻟا لﯾﺟﺳﺗ لوﺣ ﺔﯾرود ﺔﯾﺑﯾردﺗ تﺎﺳﻠﺟ مﯾظﻧﺗ تﺣرﺗﻗا ﻰﻠﯾﻟ.
ﺿﻋأ نﯾﺑ تﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟا ﺔﯾوﻘﺗو ﺔﯾﺎﻋرﻟا ةدوﺟ نﯾﺳﺣﺗ ﻰﻟإ ىدأ ﺎﻣﻣ ،ةءﺎﻧﺑ ﺔﻘﯾرطﺑ عازﻧﻟا لﺣ نﻣ ﻰﻠﯾﻟ تﻧﻛﻣﺗ ،ﺔﻘﯾرطﻟا هذﮭﺑﻖﯾرﻔﻟا ءﺎ.