1.A-Introduction to ag the greatest.pptx

This ppt gives agriculture student knowledge for the field of agriculture

1. Agri 1 A Glimpse on Philippine Agriculture

2. Agriculture The term agriculture is derived from the Latin word age and cultura , Age means land or field and cultura means cultivation . Thus, the world agriculture. Agriculture in its defined meaning states that, it is an art, a science, a technology and a business of producing crops and livestock for economic purposes.

3. Agriculture is a purposeful work through which the elements of nature are harnessed to produce plants and animals to meet human needs. It does not by itself create civilization, but civilization cannot develop without it.

4. Crop production or crop science 2. Animal production or animal science Agriculture has Two branches Components of agriculture It has four components 1. Crops 54 % 2. Livestock 41 % 3. Fisheries 4.5 % 4. Forestry .5 %

5. Crop production or crop science Subdivided into agronomy and horticulture Agronomy- Greek word “ agros ”- field “nomos” to manage concerned with cereals, legumes, root crops and field crop production and management. Horticulture- Latin “ hortos ” garden and cultura cultivation production and management of vegetables, flowers, fruits and landscaping. Horticulture includes the raising of fruits (pomology), vegetables (Olericulture), flowers (floriculture 2. Animal production or animal science Agriculture has Two branches

6. Agriculture provides food for humanity and serve as backbone of the nation’s economy. Prior to industrialization era, agriculture served as a foundation in the development and progress of every country. Strengthening agricultural production of crops and livestock in any country will promote food sufficiency and well being of the people. Provide employment either in crops and livestock production thus improving the family standard of living and reducing poverty level. With the advent of technology, production capacity of the farmers increased. Importance of Agriculture

7. IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE 1. Supply or provide us food and fiber 2. Contributes about 25 % in GDP 3. Agriculture provides raw materials to industries. 4. Agriculture provides 80 % in foreign exchange. 5. 45 % labor force in Pakistan are engaged in agriculture 6. It is backbone of our country.

8. Goal of Agriculture… To attain a maximum yield of the desired crops and animals without harming or losing the essential natural resources.

9. Ways to Attain this Goal: • Know the characteristics of your crops or animals. • Know the factors that influence their growth and development. • Know how to modify or change these factors in order to suit to the requirements of the crops and animals.

10. Agriculture is essential to the existence of men: Man, without food for: 24 hours will quarrel 48 hours will steal 72 hours will fight or kill

11. History of Agricultural Development in the World Men inhabited near bodies of water for food, fishing and other sea foods was their source. However, when these foods became scarce due to increase in their population, men moved to the mountains for fruits and meat. While in the forests, they observed that seeds of fruits scattered around are germinating so they collected and preserved these in times that source of food in the forest could not anymore suffice their need, they went back to the riverbanks and started to stir the soil and plant the seeds they collected from the forest.

12. This started the first agriculture practice and as recorded, agriculture began sometime between 8,000 – 10,000 B.C. at the Nile River which was considered as the cradle of civilization , the fist agriculturists were Cushites . These people are sea farers, after each harvest they move to another place and started new plantations. This practice is called “ Assartage System ” or shifting agriculture. This practice was considered as the cause why agriculture has spread all over the planet.

13. Centers of Early Agriculture South Western Asia – cradle of civilization where first agriculture practice where observed. Egypt – basic agriculture practice as land preparation, pruning and irrigation. Europe – scientific agriculture began as grafting, use of green houses, crop rotation, post- harvest, and ornamental culture.

14. Development of Agriculture Pastoral stage (Hunting/gathering Primitive man satisfied his daily needs directly from nature by hunting wild animals , gathering wild plants and fishing. The hunters-gatherers moved from one location to another in search of food to sustain them. The fishing tribes were more likely settled in one place as a permanent home usually near bodies of water.

15. When did agriculture start? The geologic event, the Ice Age, further explains the recent beginnings of agriculture. Agriculture was not practiced until the climatically stable Holocene warming . During the most recent glaciations, there was a warm period sandwiched between the Oldest Dryas (18 000–14 600 BP) and Younger Dryas (12 900–11 500 BP) cold periods. This warm period allowed hunting gathering which delayed the emergence of agriculture.

16. Where did agriculture start? Based on evidences (archaeological, botanical, linguistics, history, literature), agriculture had been practiced in the following areas. • Near East – 8,000 to 9,000 B.C. in an area known as the Fertile Crescent, which is often recognized as “the cradle of civilization” Wheat and barley farming pattern was established and spread overland through Iran. Other crops include grapes, peaches, apricots and melons.

17. Ethiopia – 9,000 years before present Southern Asia . First crops spread overland from Iraq and Iran in South Asia about 5,000 years before present In Southern India and Ceylon, irrigation reservoirs were constructed as early as 3,500 – 3,300 before present.

18. Pacific and Oceania. Agriculture in New Guinea and Pacific Islands remained somewhat primitive until modern times. Crops are taro, yams, coconut, bananas, sugarcane and breadfruit. South America - indigenous crops like beans, potato, tomato, eggplant, vegetables, peanut, pineapple and squash Central America. Plant remains of corn and other crops were found dated 10600-7600 years before present.

19. Why did agriculture start? Many theories on the origin of agriculture presented by Harlan (1992) include the following: 1. Agriculture as a divine gift 2. Agriculture as a discovery 3. Agriculture as a result of stress 4. Agriculture as an extension of gathering

20. Agriculture is often perceived as a divine gift from God, playing a crucial role in early human civilization and sustenance. The notion that agriculture is a blessing aligns with various religious teachings, emphasizing that God has entrusted humans with the responsibility of farming 1. Agriculture as a divine gift

21. 2. Agriculture as a discovery ​ Agriculture emerged as a pivotal discovery in human history around 11,700 years ago, marking the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities

22. The unique demands of farming—which include financial pressures, unpredictable weather, and high workloads—contribute to elevated levels of stress among individuals working in the industry 3. Agriculture as a result of stress

23. 4. Agriculture as an extension of gathering The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture represents a significant shift in human subsistence strategies. Initially, early humans relied on hunting, gathering, and foraging for sustenance, activities characterized by mobility and a direct relationship with nature

24. To be continued…