1 Demographic distribution of livestock historty INTRODUCTION TO AH.pptx

AH

1. Introduction to AH Demographic distribution of livestock

2. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY The Term Animal Husbandry accounts for livestock productions and inturn aspects related to breeding , feeding, management and effective disease control . In addition efficient and economic handling,processing , marketing of livestock products and its byproducts .

3. LIVESTOCK The term livestock includes all animals,birds and other living creatures which used for producing items for the use of man . In narrow sense the term livestock is used to describe all mammal farm animals.

4. LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT: It includes improved animal husbandry practices with respect to breeding , feeding, weeding and management to get optimum production from the livestock. WEEDING : Includes culling or elimination of inferior animals of low production from the herd.

5. FEEDING: Providing animals with well balanced ration with all necessary feed nutrients in optimum quantity as per the nutrient requirements . SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES S anitation , Hygiene , disease control & comfort with less costly housing.

6. DEMOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF LIVESTOCK

7. Demography may be defined as the statistical study of populations, especially with reference to size and density, distribution and vital statistics. Depends on Human population      Climate     A vailability of fodder      Market availability      Preferences of the people      Development of other sectors      Rainfall       Level of Agriculture

8. World livestock population( in millions) – FAO (2010)

9. Livestock Population in I ndia – 19 th National L ivestock Census 2012

10. Distribution of livestock population (19th LIVESTOCK CENSUS) Cattle 37.28 % Buffalo 21.23 % Sheep 12.71 % Goat 26.40 % Pigs 2.01 % Others 0.37 %

11. Ranking of states in livestock population of India

12. LIVESTOCK POPULATION OF AP IN LAKHS ( ALL INDIA LIVESTOCK CENSUS 2012 )

13. Milk production and per capita availability in I ndia

14. Ranking of states in milk production in India ( NDDB ,2014-15)

15. India ranks first place in the world in terms of milk production Meat production in india -1.2 mT Mutton 0.44 mT Chevon 0.94 mT

16. Ranking of states in meat production in India Milk production in AP- 9.65Mt Mutton production AP- 0.19mt Chevon - 0.08mt

17. Contribution of livestock to indian economy Livestock sector is a leading growth sector in rural India over the past seven decades of post independence . Agriculture contributes 16.64% to the national GDP. Livestock sector contributes 4.11% to the national GDP and 25.6 % to the agricultural GDP.

18. Livestock as a source of food : Livestock sector provides milk,meat eggs and fish for human beings . They have high biological value and help to overcome malnutrition. Livestock as a source of traction / draft power : Animals are largest contributors of farm power accounting for 57% of the total farm energy in India. We have around 70million bullocks and 14million buffaloes to work .

19. Each animal has a power rating of 0.5 HP . Considering 12 bullocks can work equivalent to a tractor, 84 million working animals are equivalent to 7 million tractors, saving 26 metric tonnes of crude oil of worth 180 million rupees. These animals contribute 40 million KW energy. Work animals account for 10% of the total freight (transport of goods)

20. Livestock as a source of fertilizer/manure : cattle dung and urine are converted into farm yard manure by composting . A portion of dung is also used in biogas plants and also a major source of fuel in the form of dung cakes . Skin and hides : A valuable export oriented product from livestock is skin and hides which are processed and used in leather industry , garments and manufacture of shoes.

21. Employment : livestock provides employment to rural mass as a subsidiary occupation to agriculture and provide income around the year in the form of sale of milk ,meat etc. It helps to eradicate unemployment, improve the socio-economic status and fits well in mixed farming system. It is the major source of supplementary income for 73% of rural households

22. Livestock sector engages 8% of the total labour force in the country . It is a rural self –employment sector with a steady increase of 4.5% per annum . Employment from livestock is 8 times more than that of IT industry.

23. Almost 90% of rural women are engaged in livestock rearing . Livestock are efficient convertors of agricultural byproducts like rice bran, wheat bran , gram chunnies , oil cakes into valuable products like milk , meat,etc . A large fraction of slaughter house by products are converted into animal feeds.

24. Example: meat meal,blood meal,bone meal, etc. Horns and hooves are also used for decoration purpose. Various auxiliary feed manufacturing plants , pharmaceutical companies,hatcheries,farm equipment and management industries, biological industries call provide employment indirectly to millions of people.

25. Animal holding and land holding patterns in India

26. Animal holding indicates the size of the livestock or average number of animals present per farmer. Land holding indicates the number of acres/hectares of land possessed by the farmers.

27. Livestock density means number of animals per square kilometer . Basing on the size of the land the farmers of the country can be classified into small, marginal, semi medium, medium and large farmers.

28. Basing on the livestock density it may be interpreted that the density of cattle population is more compared to other classes of livestock. In those areas where agricultural activities are limited, rainfall was scattered, buffalo population appeared more. In those areas where limited rainfall, less agricultural development is observed sheep and goat took the upper strata.

29. Animal holding patterns as per Agro Climatic zones

30. Cattle : Highest densities of cattle are found in LowerGangetic Plain, Middle GangeticPlain (MGP), Lowest in other regions. MGP is the only region that has highest densities of cattle and buffalo.

31. Buffaloes: Highest buffalo density is found in vast gangetic plains except in Lower Gangetic Plain where agriculture is very well developed. Along the east coast region of our country the buffalo density is high.

32. Sheep and Goats: Rajasthan, Jammu and Kashmir along with Madhya Pradesh and south of Uttar Pradesh posses the highest sheep population and goat population .

33. Land holding and livestock farming The percentage of the landless farmers among the livestock keepers varies greatly from region to region. It is 2.5% among the crossbred cattle keepers to about 62% among the rural dairy forms of some areas. Fewer landless people keep costly crossbred cattle but mostly keep indigenes cows and buffaloes.

34. Herd size: (Group of Cattle ) The herd size fluctuates from region to region. It was 2 to 6 in northern areas of the country (Punjab and Haryana). In south the minimum is 1 and maximum is 11. The herd composition also varies among different farmers. The landless people keep all types of livestock .

35. The landless rural poor usually prefer goat keeping as a source of income though they maintain all types of species. Marginal farmers keep all the livestock except sheep and goat but small farmers mainly keep mixed herd of large and small ruminants rather than cow alone. The large farmers keep mainly the buffalos and cattle.