1. Doing Philosophy and the Pre Socratic Philosophers.pdf

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2. what we'll discuss
•The Origins and
Branches of
Philosophy
•Pre-Socratic
Philosophers

3. Philosophy
•From the Greek word Philos and
Sophia
•means love for wisdom
•Deals with many topics (History,
Literature, Science, Arts, etc.)

4. Philosophical Questions
•Who am I?
•What is my purpose?
•Why am I who I am today?
•What does it mean to be?
•Am I real?
•Do people perceive the same way I
do?

5. Philosophical Questions
•As much as science provides the answers,
philosophy provides the questions
•They have no definite answers
•Philosophy focuses on the whole or the
bigger problem while science focuses on
specific things
•They do not only hold personal significance
but they determine a person’s choice in life

6. Philosophical thought in three views
•Cosmocentric - deals with the origins of
the universe and how things came to be.
•Theocentric - deals with the belief of God
and the characteristics of God's being and
faith.
•Anthropocentric - Focuses more on
humanity as the center of existence and
what it means to exist. Also the height of
the Rationalism and Empiricism debate.

7. According to Aristotle
•Philosophy arises from wonder
•Man begins to reflect
•Philosophy is when things are
explained as a whole

8. Branch Study Questions
Metaphysics Existence What’s out there?
EpistemologyKnowledge How do I know about it?
Ethics Action/MoralityWhat should I do?
Politics Governance/
What kind of relationship should
ruler have with their people?
Aesthetics Art/Beauty What is beauty?
Logic Reasoning
What do our arguments
mean?
Branches of Philosophy

9. The School of Athens. – Raphael(1509 – 1511)
Pre-Socratic Philosophers

11. Thales
•Matter contained
eternal force
•Souls and body are one
•Believes that water is
the cause of all things

12. Anaximander
•Believes that the
Apeiron is the substance
of origin
•believed that the
universe is geocentric
•First evolutionist
•Created the first world
map

13. Anaximenes
•believed that the
substance of the
universe was air
•introduced the idea of
condensation and
rarefaction

14. Pythagoras
•Discovered the
pythagorean theorem
•Believed that earth was
the substance of the
universe
•Focused on mysticism
and cult practices

15. Heraclitus
•Known as the dark one
•Everything is in
perpetual change
•believed that fire is the
substance of the
universe

16. Parmenides
•differentiated doxa
(opinion) from episteme
(truth)
•Is considered one of the
most profound and
challenging critical thinkers
before Socrates and
founder of metaphysics

17. Xenophanes
•Believed that people's
image of God is basically
a copy paste of their
own image
•Believes that their is one
greatest God

18. Zeno of Elea
•Created the Zeno Paradox
(pointed out that through
logic, it is impossible for
anything to move in
space, but it is still
possible)
•created the discourse
between empiricism and
rationalism

20. Empedocles
•Believed that it is not one element
that created the universe, but all
four elements created the universe.
•The elements are influenced by the
forces of love and strife
•Believed that there are infinite
number of things but there are four
varieties.
•Survival of the Fittest

21. Anaxagoras
•He believes that everything
composes of tiny particles of
every possible variety of seed.
•First to introduce the mind as
the efficient cause of motion.

23. Democritus
•Developed an atomic theory of
the universe
- Everything was reduced to
local motion.
- There is no finality
- There is no such thing as
immortality

25. Protagoras
•Homo Mensura (Man is the
measurement of all things)
- Everything is relative to
human subjectivity
- Truth only consisted in
perception, only in what the
individual perceives.

26. Gorgias
•Held that neither truth nor
morality existed.
- If it did, it didn't matter.
•Believed that philosophy was not
worthwhile and should be
replaced with rhetoric.
•Believes that an argument could
be twisted to prove just about
anything
•Wise individuals would use
rhetoric to become rich and
powerful.

27. Thrasymascus
- said that "Justice was merely
what was to the advantage of
those in power".
- right and wrong did not matter.
--who held the gun and who
didn't .

28. Callicles
•only clever way for the weak
willed masses to restrain strong
willed individuals.
- strong willed individuals should
cast a side their morality, and do
what's best for their own
pleasure.
- Power is more important than
justice.
-weak are the meaty, the strong
will eat

29. Critias
- the gods are non-existent
- clever rulers and priests should
hypocritically encourage common
beliefs in them as means of
controlling the less intelligent.