1. Latitude and Longitude Projections.pptx

Looking at earth science with Latitude and longitude

1. Review time zone New cartography equator latitude longitude prime meridian International Date Line Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Vocabulary Latitude and Longitude

2. Chapter 2 Section 1 & 2

3. Why are there different time zones from one geographic area to the next ?

4. Why are different maps used for different purposes ?

5. Maps are Stories

6. Latitude and Longitude Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Maps Maps are flat models of three-dimensional objects. The science of mapmaking is called cartography .

7. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Latitude The equator is an imaginary horizontal line located at 0° latitude that circles Earth and separates it into two equal halves. Latitude is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator. Lines of latitude run parallel to the equator. Latitude and Longitude

8. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Latitude and Longitude Latitude The value in degrees of each line of latitude is determined by measuring the imaginary angle created between the equator, the center of Earth, and the line of latitude.

9. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Latitude and Longitude Longitude Longitude is the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian. The prime meridian is an imaginary line that represents 0° longitude. Lines of longitude, also called meridians, are semicircles that extend vertically from pole to pole.

10. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Latitude and Longitude Longitude The degree value of each line of longitude is determined by measuring the imaginary angle between the prime meridian, the center of Earth, and the line of longitude.

11. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Latitude and Longitude Longitude Using coordinates Both latitude and longitude are needed to locate precise positions on Earth.

12. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Latitude and Longitude Longitude Time Zones In most cases, each of Earth’s 24 time zones corresponds roughly to a line of longitude and represents a different hour. However, there are some exceptions.

13. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Latitude and Longitude Longitude The International Date Line , 180° meridian, serves as the transition line for calendar days. Traveling west across the International Date Line advances your calendar one day. Traveling east moves your calendar back one day.

14. Types of Maps Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Projections Cartographers use projections to make maps. A map projection is made by transferring points and lines on a globe’s surface onto a sheet of paper. TWD67、TWD97、WGS84

15. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Types of Maps Projections A Mercator projection is a map that has parallel lines of latitude and longitude. It clearly indicates direction in straight lines. It is used for the navigation of ships and planes.

16. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Types of Maps Projections A conic projection is made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a cone. It has a high degree of accuracy for limited areas. It is used to make road maps and weather maps.

17. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Types of Maps Topographic Maps Topographic maps are detailed maps that use contour lines, symbols, and colors to represent changes in elevation and features on Earth’s surface.

18. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Types of Maps Topographic Maps A contour line connects points of equal elevation on a topographic map. The difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines is called the contour interval .

19. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Topographic Maps Index contours are contour lines labeled with a number that indicates the elevation. Depression contour lines have hachures, or short lines at right angles to the contour line, to indicate the direction of elevation change. Types of Maps

20. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Geologic Maps A geologic map is used to show the distribution, arrangement, and type of rocks located below the soil. It may also show geologic features such as fault lines. Types of Maps

21. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Geologic Maps Three-dimensional maps When scientists need to visualize Earth three-dimensionally, they often rely on computers to digitize features such as rivers, mountains, valleys, and hills. Types of Maps

22. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Types of Maps Map Legends A map legend explains what the symbols on a map represent.

23. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Types of Maps Map Scales A map scale is the ratio between distances on a map and actual distances on the surface of Earth. Verbal Scales When referring to maps, verbal scales are statements used to express distance.

24. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Types of Maps Map Scales Graphic scales Graphic scales consist of a line that represents a certain distance. These are the most common types of map scale. Fractional scales Fractional scales express distance as a ratio between two units of the same type.

25. Map Size

26. Homework Worksheet and Group Map Read Chapter 2 Section 3 Before You Leave!! Hand in 1. Groups Lab Report

27. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Review Essential Questions What are the different types of maps? Why are different maps used for different purposes? How are gradients on a topographic map calculated? Vocabulary Mercator projection conic projection gnomonic projection Types of Maps topographic map contour line contour interval geologic map map legend map scale

28. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Review Essential Questions What is the difference between latitude and longitude? Why is it important to give a city’s complete coordinates when describing its location? Why are there different time zones from one geographic area to the next? Vocabulary cartography equator latitude longitude prime meridian International Date Line Latitude and Longitude