1. The Roles of the Teacher and Learner, Approaches and Methods.pptx

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1. The Roles of the Teacher and Learner, Approaches and Methods Khodadad SUROSH

2. Teaching theories primarily fall into two categories or “approaches” — teacher-centered and student-centered

3. Teacher-Centered Approach to Learning Teachers are the main authority figure in this model. Students are viewed as “ empty vessels ” whose primary role is to passively receive information (via lectures and direct instruction) with an end goal of testing and assessment. It is the primary role of teachers to pass knowledge and information onto their students. In this model, teaching and assessment are viewed as two separate entities. Student learning is measured through objectively scored tests and assessments.

4. Student-Centered Approach to Learning While teachers are an authority figure in this model, teachers and students play an equally active role in the learning process. The teacher’s primary role is to coach and facilitate student learning and overall comprehension of material. Student learning is measured through both formal and informal forms of assessment, including group projects, student portfolios, and class participation. Teaching and assessment are connected; student learning is continuously measured during teacher instruction.

5. Three broad categories of instructional roles for teachers Didactic/direct instruction Facilitation of understanding Coaching performance

6. Didactic / DIRECT INSTRUCTION Teacher-centered approach Traditional teaching strategy that relies on explicit teaching through lectures, textbooks and teacher-led demonstrations. Primary teaching strategy under the teacher-centered approach , in that teachers and professors are the sole supplier of knowledge and information. Effective in teaching basic and fundamental skills across all content areas

7. Teacher Roles and Related Learner Actions Teacher Role (Method the teacher uses) Learner Actions (What students need to do) Didactic / Direct Instruction Receive, Take in, Respond * Demonstration, modeling * Observe, attempt, practice, refine * Lecture * Listen, watch, take notes, question * Questions (convergent) * Answer, give responses Didactic / Direct Instruction

8. FACILITATION OF UNDERSTANDING Student-centered approach - students play an active and participatory role in their own learning process . Facilitative teaching seeks to help students “construct” meaning and come to an understanding of important ideas and processes . Teachers guide student inquiries into complex problems, texts, cases, projects, or situations. Principal methods are questioning, probing, and process-related commentary, with little or no direct instruction.

9. Teacher Roles and Related Learner Actions Facilitation of Understanding Teacher Role (Method the teacher uses) Learner Actions (What students need to do) Facilitation of Understanding Construct, Examine, Extend Meaning * Concept attainment * Compare, induce, define, generalize * Cooperative learning * Collaborate, support others, teach * Discussion * Listen, question, consider, explain * Experimental Inquiry * Hypothesize, gather data, analyze * Graphic representation * Visualize, connect, map relationships * Guided inquiry * Question, research, conclude, support * Problem-based learning * Pose/define problems, solve, evaluate * Questions (open-ended) * Answer and explain, reflect, rethink * Reciprocal teaching * Clarify, question, predict, teach * Simulation (e.g., mock trial) * Examine, consider, challenge, debate * Socratic seminar * Consider, explain, challenge, justify * Writing process * Brainstorm, organize, draft, revise

10. Coaching performance Student-centered approach  - learners are placed in responsibility of their learning and development. Focuses on the belief that students learn best when working with and learning from their peers . Coaching seeks to support the learners' ability to transfer their learning to succeed in complex and autonomous performances . The teacher/coach establishes clear performance goals and then supervises the development of skills and habits through ongoing opportunities to perform, accompanied by specific feedback and modeling .

11. Teacher Roles and Related Learner Actions Teacher Role (Method the teacher uses) Learner Actions (What students need to do) Coaching Refine Skills, Deepen Understanding * Feedback / conferencing * Listen, consider, practice, retry, refine * Guided Practice * Revise, reflect, refine, recycle through Coaching Performance

12. There is no one BEST teaching approach Effective teachers will employ every approach and must play several roles. When the learning goal requires information cast in a helpful way, use didactic teaching approaches. When the goal is to ensure that ideas are understood and misconceptions overcome, facilitate student discussions and inquiries so that students come to see for themselves. When the aim is for the learners to transfer their knowledge and skills to new situations, then coach for the desired performances.

13. What are the roles of an effective teacher? Role Strategies Facilitator • Create w elcoming environment • Probe students’ minds with effective, open-ended questions • Build on prior knowledge Coach • Strategize • Find students’ strengths • Minimize students’ weaknesses Guide • Guide students through learning experiences • Direct their attention toward key concepts and ideas Encourager • Communicate specific encouraging messages to individual learners and the group as a whole • Promote positive messages alongside the critiques to maintain an overall positive morale in the class • F ind ways to listen, respect the learner’s frustrations, but also help them reframe the situation in ways that are more positive and productive Model / Example • Show respect, enthusiasm, positivity, follow rules Engager • Provide mind stimulating learning • Allow students to be involved, ask questions, offer ideas, be interactive

14. Additional Resources Methods/Approaches of Teaching ESOL : A Historical Overview https:// www.kendallhunt.com/uploadedFiles/Kendall_Hunt/Content/Higher_Education/Uploads/CH11_Zainuddin_3e.pdf Eight Roles of an Effective Online Teacher http://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/online-education/eight-roles-of-an-effective-online-teacher / What are the roles of an effective teacher? http:// dbroomfi.hubpages.com/hub/What-are-the-roles-of-an-effective-teacher Schooling by Design by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe Chapter 5. What Is the Teacher's Job When Teaching ? http :// www.ascd.org/publications/books/107018/chapters/What-Is-the-Teacher's-Job-When-Teaching%C2%A2.aspx

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