10_prejudice_and_discrimination in social psychology

prejudice and discrimination in social settings.

1. Prejudice MISS PALWASHA KHAN

2. Clarifying terms: Prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination,

3. Prejudice A hostile or negative attitude toward people of a certain group, based solely on their membership in that group . (Some prejudice definitions include positive judgments, but nearly all uses of “prejudice” refer to negative ones— what Gordon Allport termed in his classic book, The Nature of Prejudice, “an antipathy based upon a faulty and inflexible generalization” [1954].)

4. The ABCs of Prejudice – primarily an attitude

5. Close your eyes for a moment and imagine the looks and characteristics of the following people: A compassionate Nurse A competent therapist An excellent Programmer A caring parent. CEO with exceptional leadership

6. Stereotype A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized , inaccurate, and resistant to new information (and sometimes accurate ). The stereotypic quality might be physical, mental, or occupational.

7. Are there any positive stereotypes? Could you name some ? If you like a group, your stereotype will be positive, but if you dislike the group, your stereotype of the same behavior will be negative.

8. How Do stereotypes developed process information consistent with stereotype quicker focus on information consistent with stereotype use tacit inferences to make inconsistent information appear consistent Illusory Correlation: The tendency to see relationships, or correlations, between events that are actually unrelated

9. Defining Prejudice – for and against… Religion Obesity Sexual orientation Age Immigrants

10. The facts: Religion Muslims not hired / paid well by managers (Park et al, 2009) Westerners seen as greedy and immoral ( Wike & Grim, 2007) 9/11 and controversy theories

11. Possibly provoked by the debate over building a mosque near Ground Zero in New York City, a college student stabbed a cabdriver who said he was Muslim, and a man was arrested for entering a mosque and urinating on prayer rugs, all the while shouting anti-Muslim slurs . In Florida, a minister of a fringe Christian church urged the burning of Korans . In Tennessee, two Muslim imams were kicked off a plane when the pilot refused to fly with them. They were going to a conference on anti-Muslim prejudice

12. The facts: Obesity Overweight people marry less often, gain entry to less-desirable jobs, and make less money (Swami & others, 2008). Weight discrimination, exceeds racial or gender discrimination and occurs at every employment stage—hiring, placement, promotion, compensation, discipline, and discharge (Roehling,2000) More often bullied, and as adults, they are more often depressed

13. The facts: Sexual Orientation The U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health revealed that gay and lesbian teens are much more likely to be harshly punished by schools and courts than are their straight peers, despite being less likely to engage in serious wrongdoing ( Himmelstein & Brückner , 2011)

14. The facts: Age People’s perceptions of the elderly—as generally kind but frail, incompetent, unproductive—predispose patronizing behavior, such as baby-talk speech that leads elderly people to feel less competent and act less capably ( Bugental & Hehman , 2007).

15. The facts: Immigrants Germans toward Turks, the French toward North Africans, the British toward West Indians and Pakistanis, and Americans toward Latin American immigrants (Pettigrew,2006) Pakistanis?

16. Clothes designer John Galliano was fired by the Christian Dior fashion house after allegedly harassing a couple—a Jewish woman and an Asian man—and using anti-Semitic and racist slurs. Eyewitnesses reported that Galliano said, “Dirty Jewish face, you should be dead” to the woman, and then shouted at her companion, “F*** ing Asian bastard, I will kill you.” An earlier video posted on YouTube shows Galliano yelling at a different couple, saying “I love Hitler. . . . People like you would be dead. Your mothers, your forefathers, would all be f*** ing gassed.” (Galliano, who is gay, apparently did not realize that he himself would have been gassed by the Nazis on that count.)

17. Discrimination Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members. Prejudice is a negative attitude; discrimination is negative behavior. Discriminatory behavior often has its source in prejudicial attitudes E.g. Researchers analyzed the responses to 1,115 identically worded emails sent to Los Angeles area landlords regarding vacant apartments. Encouraging replies came back to 89 percent of notes signed “Patrick McDougall,” to 66 percent from “Said Al- Rahman …”

18. Racism and Sexism Racism (1) An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race, or (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given race. Sexism (1) An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex, or (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given sex .