132 KV Substation Gajraula.pptx

everything is going well

1. VOCATIONAL TRAINING at 132 KV SUB-STATION Internship Presentation B y Submitted To D r. Archana Sharma Assistant Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Anurag Attri Roll No. 2007350200018 राजकीय इंजीनियरिंग कालेज, बिजनौर RAJKIYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, BIJNOR AICTE APPROVED GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE AFFILIATED TO A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW (U.P.)TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Dr. Mohd. Ahmad Assistant Professor Department of Electrical Engineering

2. SUB-STATION 2

3. CONTENT Introduction Single Line Diagram Transformer Types of Transformer Lightning Arrester Circuit Breaker Relays Control Panel Conclusion 3

4. INTRODUCTION A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission and distribution system. Substation transform voltage from high to low or the reverse or perform any of several other functions. A substation may include transformers to change voltage levels between high transmission voltages and lower distribution voltages, or at the inter connection of two different transmission voltages. 4

5. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

6. TRANSFORMER 6

7. TRANSFORMER A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between its winding circuits. A varying current in the primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic flux through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic flux induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or voltage in the secondary winding. Transformers range in size from thumbnail-sized used in microphones to units weighing hundreds of tons interconnecting the power grid. A wide range of transformer designs are used in electronic and electric power applications. Transformers are essential for the transmission, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy. 7

8. TYPES OF TRANFORMERS Autotransformer :- Transformer in which part of the winding is common to both primary and secondary circuits. Power Transformer :- Transformers being used to transfer electric energy between the generator and distribution primary circuits. 8

9. TYPES OF TRANFORMERS Capacitor voltage transformer :- Transformer in which capacitor divider is used to reduce high voltage before application to the primary winding. Instrumental transformer :- Potential or current transformer used to accurately and safely represent voltage, current or phase position of high voltage or high power circuits. 9

10. Instrumental Transformer are of two types Current Transformer :- A current transformer (CT) is a series connected measurement device designed to provide a current in its secondary coil proportional to the current flowing in its primary. Current transformers are commonly used in metering and protective relays in the electrical power industry. Potential Transformer :- Voltage transformers (VT) (also called potential transformers (PT)) are a parallel connected type of instrument transformer, used for metering and protection in high-voltage circuits or phasor phase shift isolation. They are designed to present negligible load to the supply being measured and to have an accurate voltage ratio to enable accurate metering. 10

11. A lighting arrester is a device used on electric power transmission and telecommunication system to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. Types of Lightning Arrester Rod arrester Horn gap arrester Expulsion type lightning arrester Valve type lightning arrester Silicon Carbide Arrestors Metal Oxide Arrestors 11 Lightning Arrester

12. Relays Basic design 12 Small "cradle" relay Simple electromechanical relay

13. Relays A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. 13

14. Types Of Relays Induction Relay :- These are the most widely used relays for protective relaying purposes involving only A.C. quantities. These relays operate on the simple principle of split-phase induction motor. Thermal Relay :- These relays operate on the principle of thermal effects of electric current. Mostly used for protection of low voltage squirrel cage induction motor. 14

15. Types Of Relays Buchholz relay :- A Buchholz relay is a safety device sensing the accumulation of gas in large oil-filled transformers, which will alarm on slow accumulation of gas or shut down the transformer if gas is produced rapidly in the transformer oil. 15

16. Types Of Relays Over Load Protection Relay :- Electric motors need overcurrent protection to prevent damage from over-loading the motor, or to protect against short circuits in connecting cables or internal faults in the motor windings. The overload sensing devices are a form of heat operated relay where a coil heats a Bimetallic strip, or where a solder pot melts, releasing a spring to operate auxiliary contacts. These auxiliary contacts are in series with the coil. If the overload senses excess current in the load, the coil is de-energized. 16

17. Types Of Relays Other Types of Relays are :- Latching relay Reed relay Mercury relay Polarized relay Ratchet relay Coaxial relay 17

18. CIRCUIT BREAKER A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high-voltage circuits feeding an entire city. 18 Types of Circuit Breaker Oil Circuit Breaker Air Blast Circuit Breaker Vacuum Circuit Breaker SF 6 Circuit Breaker

19. SF 6 Circuit Breaker A circuit breaker in which the current carrying contacts operate in Sulphur Hexafluoride or SF 6 gas is known as an SF 6 Circuit Breaker. SF 6 has excellent insulating property. SF 6 has high electro-negativity. That means it has high affinity of absorbing free electron. Whenever a free electron collides with the SF 6 gas molecule, it is absorbed by that gas molecule and forms a negative ion. The attachment of electron with SF 6 gas molecules may occur in tow different ways, 1) SF 6 + e = SF 6 – 2) SF 6 + e = SF 6 - + F These negative ions obviously much heavier than a free electron and therefore over all mobility of the charged particle in the SF 6 gas is much less as compared other common gases. We know that mobility of charged particle is majorly responsible for conducting current through a gas. 19

20. CONTROL PANEL 20

21. CONTROL PANEL 21 Control panel is most important equipment of the substation as it work as shield guard for all substation equipment's and electrical network. Moreover, these panels are useful to control the flow of electricity as per the Voltage class and detect the faults in transmission lines. In this panel, varieties of numerical & electromechanical relays are installed to provide damage protection to equipment's. Meters, Semaphore indicators, Control Switches, Indicating lamps, Push Buttons, Annunciator, Test Blocks and Test Plugs are among of major equipment's installed as per designing requirements. Designing and manufacturing of Control panel depend on the requirement of utilities and these can broadly be classified as follows; Line Protection Transformer Protection Bus Bar Protection Tie Break Bus Coupler Reactor

22. Technical specification of control panel and relay FEEDER METER - It consists of ammeter (2), voltmeter (2), and solid state buzzer (2).Further ammeter switch, voltmeter switch and neutral switch are directly connected through feeder panel. ANNUNCIATOR - This consists of :- Master trip relay operated Trip circuit Low oil level alarm Over current relay operated Winding temp alarm Earth fault relay operated Differential relay operated Isolator connected indicator SWITCH BOARD- It consists of :-Bus coupler: it acts as a intermediate switch board which couple two incoming source generation. A bus coupler is also used in case of fault occurrence. Each time the bus coupler is engaged for the faulty condition of one side of bus bar so as to provide supply to the feeders from the other side. Thus protecting the system. 22

23. The main function of the substation is to collect the energy transmitted at high voltage from the generating station and then reduce the voltage to an appropriate value for local distribution and gives facilities for switching. 132 KV Substation is used to step down voltage from 132 KV to 33 KV and the output is connected to feeder for local utility. Substation of rating 132/33 KV Substation is an extra high Voltage substation that implies that transmission voltage is of 132 KV, and its distribution voltage is 33 KV. Conclusion

24. THANKING YOU