15 Cut flowers insect and diseases management

Cut flowers insect and diseases management

1. Tomato fruit borer –Helicoverpaarmigera
Symptoms of damage
Caterpillars infest the leaves and flower buds. Bore holes are clearly visible on flower buds. Finally
the infested flower buds are fail to open. The attack by this pest is most during warm season.
Management
SprayBacillus thuringiensis2g/litre.
Release 1 lakhsof Trichogrammaegg parasitoid per acre.
Set up Heliluresex pheromone trap @ 4 Nos/acre
Spray spinosad0.75ml/litre

2. Tarnished plant bug –Lyguslineolaris-Miridae
Leaf hopper –Amrascabiguttulabiguttula-Cicadillidae

3. Red spider mites -Tetranychusurticae
Damage symptom
These have ability to produce fine silk webbing, spider mites are very tiny and very
small and are difficult to identify. They suck sap from the leaves which results in tiny
yellow or white speckles. Once the foliage of a plant becomes bronze it often drops
prematurely. Heavily infested plant may be discolouredstunted.
Management
Apply Abamectin(Vermitec) 1.9EC @ 0.5ml/litre
Spray Azardiractin50,000ppm 3ml/litre
Discard the plant and leaf debris.
Ballooning symptom

4. Lily leaf caterpillar -Polytela gloriosae -Noctuidae
Thecaterpillarisaminorpestonseveralplantsofthe
familiesLiliaceaeandAmaryllidaceae.
LarvalfoodplantsincludeGloriosasuperba,Crinum
asiaticum,Zephyranthusgrandiflora,Zephyranthuscitrina,Scadoxus
multiflorus,AmaryllisandLiliumspecies.
Theycanbecontrolledusingpesticidessuchasmalathionandazadirachtin.
BiologicalcontrolcanbeusedthroughthefungusMetarhiziumand
atachinidfly.

5. Gladiolus thrips, Thrips orientalis
•Leaves with yellow patches
•Nymphs -red in colour
•Adults -dark brown or black in colour
•Spray Fipronil @ 2 ml/l or Dimethoate 30EC @ 2 ml/l

6. Carnation tortrix -Cacoecimorpha pronubana -Tortricidae
Symptom of damage
Caterpillar webs the leaves with silken threads and feed inside the
shelter.
Injury -found around the growing points of the shoots
larvae will feed on the leaves and may also bore into the flower
buds.
Management
A mixture of Quinalphos and dicofol is recommended for the
control of larvae of tortrix moth in nurseries and beds.

7. Tuberose Bulb mite, Rhizoglyphusechinopus
Tenuipalpidae:Acarina
Mites are yellowish white in colourwith a pink tinge.
Shines like bead and slow moving. Both nymphs and adult feed on the bulbs.
The outer crust of the bulb scales becomes hardened and turn light chocolate brown in colour.
Scale of the bulb gets dried and broken into fine filaments.
Spray Abamectin1.9 EC @ 0.4 ml/l or Propargite@ 1 ml/l

8. Spider mite, Oligonychus spp
•Bronzing,dryingandcrumplingofleaves
•Nymphandadultarebrickredincolourandrounded
•[email protected]/lorPropargite@1ml/l
GERBARA

9. Armored scale are small, less than an eighth of an inch long, flattened, and covered
with a thin protective plate. Soft scale are larger, up to a quarter-inch in length, and
are smooth, cottony, or waxy.
Soft scale insects excrete honeydew, which can attract ants and lead to black sooty
mold. Armored scale species don’t produce any, thankfully.
But both types of scale can cause a slowed growth rate, foliar chlorosis, premature
leaf drop, and dieback of infested shoots.
Bird of paradise scale

10. Dahlia aphid -Aphis fabae –Aphididae
Green peach aphid-Myzus persicae –Aphididae
Tulip aphid -Dysaphis tulipae
The tulip bulb aphid can be seen on the older leaves of lilies and irises in summer,
where it forms tight colonies as shown in the pictures below. It can also be seen on
bulbs and rhizomes of lilies and crocuses in winter storage.
It can also transmit viruses such as tulip breaking virus.

11. Orchid -Snail–Cryptaustenia verrucosa, C. heteroconcha
Symptoms:These molluscs will leave holes and notches in the
leaves, flowers roots and may chew off the growing tips. Chewed
areas may also appear on buds. These nocturnal pests travel on a
layer of slime and this slime trail is evidence of their presence.
Treatment:Chemical baits may be placed in the growing area.
Ash and diatomaceous earth can be spread on horizontal
surfaces to create a barrier though water will deactivate it.

12. Orchid weevil –Siphalinus sp.
They feed on orchid flowers and on tender
tissues at the growing points of orchid
plants. These tissues can be stems, leaves,
and exposed roots.
The adult females chew feeding holes into
pseudobulbs or other plant parts, crawl in,
and deposit eggs. After hatching, the grubs
continue feeding, creating frass/fiber
chambers suitable for pupation.
Adults eventually eat their way out of the
pseudobulb. While feeding may not kill the
pseudobulbs, bulbs often stop growing and
fail to produce flowers

13. LAWN AND TURF
LAWN
TURF

14. Cutworms, Agrotisspp.,
Noctuidae:Lepidoptera
Several species of cutworms (e.g., black or granulate cutworms) occur, but seldom are serious pests in
turfgrass.
Larvae usually dig a burrow in the ground or thatch (or use an aeration hole) and emerge at night to chew
off grass blades and shoots.
Damage may appear as circular spots of dead grass or depressed spots that look like ball marks on golf
greens.

15. Fire Ants, Solenopsisinvicta,
Formicidae:Hymenoptera
The red imported fire ant is an introduced pest that creates large mounds in turfgrassand inflicts
painful bites and stings to people, pets, livestock, and wildlife.
Mounds can also damage mowing, harvesting, or electrical equipment.

16. Hunting Billbug, Sphenophorusvenatusverstitus,
Curculionidae:Coleoptera
These are white, legless grubs with brown head capsules.
Adults are black weevils. Adults have a raised Y-shaped area surrounded by curved lines on the
prothoraxand rows of large and small pits on the wing covers.

17. Mole Crickets, Scapteriscusspp.,
Gryllotalpidae; :Orthoptera
Three mole cricket species (tawny, southern, and short-winged; Scapteriscusspp.) are
significant pests in turf.
Damage is caused by mole cricket tunneling in the soil, which exposes and dries out roots.
Nymphs and adults of the tawny and short-winged mole crickets feed on roots and grass
blades at night.

18. Spittle bugs, Propsapia bicincta,
Cercopidae :Hemiptera
The two-lined spittlebug, Propsapiabicinctadamage turfgrasses, especially bermuda, St. Augustine,
centipede, bahia, crab, Johnson, and orchard grasses.
It also feeds on many crops, ornamentals, and weeds.
Nymphs and adults both suck plant juices.
In centipede grass a reddish-purple and/or white stripe may run lengthwise down damaged grass blades.
Heavy infestations may kill, wither, or reduce the growth of turfgrasses.

19. White Grubs, Cyclocephalaspp
Phyllophagaspp,
Melolonthidae:Coleoptera
Larvae are C-shaped grubs.
They are whitish in color with dark areas at the rear and a brownish head.
The adults are scarab beetles.
Grubs become most damaging in August and may continue feeding until January.

20. Chinch Bugs in Home Lawns Blissusleucopterushirtus
Blissidae:Hemiptera
Hairy chinch bugs can be frequent pests of home lawns. They are often associated with open, sunny areas
and may be as numerous as 150 to 200 insects per square foot.
Chinch bug populations frequently go unnoticed because of their small size and coloration, which blends in
with turfgrassand thatch.
Chinch bug damage may be masked during periods of drought.
Chinch bug nymphs and adults cause significant feeding damage by removing plant fluids and by injecting a
toxin that causes the grass to yellow, turn reddish brown, and eventually die.
Chinch bug damaged areas often coalesce into large patches of dead, brown grass. The suggested
economic threshold for chinch bug is 15 to 20 insects per square foot.

21. Pests
Leaf miner:
Spray Imidacloprid @ 0.5 ml/l or Acetamiprid @ 0.3 g/l.
Thrips:
Spray Fipronil @ 1.0 ml/l. Keep Yellow Sticky Trap 10 nos. for 100 sq.m area.
Red spider mite:
Spray Abamectin 1.9 EC @ 0.5 ml/l or Propargite @ 2 ml/l.