15 Lecture DPT 4 NEUROANATOMY,cerebellum.ppt

Anatomy of cerebellum

1. Dr Habib Khan PT
Lecturer
CPM&R,PCP

CEREBELLUM

2. Cerebellum.
Largest part of hind brain.
Called “silent area.”
Weight- 150 gms.
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3. Physiological anatomy.
External features .
Anatomical parts.
Anatomical divisions.
Phylogenetically divisions.
Functional divisions.
Histological structure.
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4. External features
Surfaces .
Folia.- transverse
folds
Fissures.

Primary

Horizontal
Posterolateral.
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5. Anatomical parts
Parts of vermis.
Lingula
Central lobule
Culmen
Declive
Folium
Tuber
Pyramis
Uvula
Nodule.
Parts of hemisphere.
No lateral projection.
Alae
Anterior quadrangular lobule
Posterior quadrangular lobule
Superior semilunar lobule
Inferior semilunar lobule.
Biventral lobule

Tonsil

Flocculus.
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6. Thursday, October 30, 2025

7. Anatomical divisions
Anterior lobe.
Posterior lobe.
Flocculonodular lobe..
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8. Phylogenetically
divisions
Archicerebellum
Floculonodular lobe

Lingula
Paleocerebellum

Anterior lobe except – lingula

Posterior lobe – pyramis, uvula & paraflocculus.
Neocerebellum.
Whole posterior lobe except –pyramis & uvula.
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9. Thursday, October 30, 2025

10. Functional divisions.
Vestibulocerebellum.
Consists of
Floculonodular lobe

Vestibular connections
N. fastigeal – effector N.
Control body posture &
equilibrium.
Spinocerebellum.
Consists of Paleocerebellum.
N Interpositus. – effector N.

Postural reflexes.
Corticocerebellum.
Central cerebellum
Dentate N.- effector nucleus.
Smooth performance.
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11. Functional divisions.
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12. Histological structure.
Cerebellar cortex.

Molecular layer.
Purkinje cell layer.

Granule cell layer.
White matter.
Projection fibres.
Association fibres.
Commissural fibres.
Deep cerebellar nuclei.

Dentate nucleus.
Emboliform nucleus.

Globossus nucleus.
Fastigeal nucleus.
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13. Cerebellar cortex.
Molecular layer.

Stellate cells

Basket cells.
Purkinje cell layer.
Granule cell layer.

Granule cells

Golgi cells.
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14. Cerebellar cortex.
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15. Sensory inputs.
Climbing fibres

Inferior olivary nucleus
Cerebellum.
( purkinje cells)
Mossy fibres.

Spino, vestibulo,
reticulo, cuneo &
corticoponto
Cerebellum
(Glomerulus)
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Olivocerebellar tract.

16. Sensory inputs.
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17. Thursday, October 30, 2025

18. White matter.
The white matter of the cerebellum is known as the arbor vitae, or "tree of life," due to its distinctive
branched, tree-like appearance in a cross-section. It is the medullary core of the cerebellum, consisting of
myelinated nerve fibers that connect the cerebellar cortex to other brain regions and deep cerebellar nuclei. .
Climbing fibers
Association fibres.
Commissural fibres.
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19. Deep Cerebellar Nuclei.
Dentate nucleus.
Emboliform
nucleus.
Globossus nucleus.
Fastigeal nucleus.
Near roof of IV
ventricle.
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20. Thursday, October 30, 2025

21. Neural circuits & neuronal
activity.
Afferents of cerebellar cortex.
Climbing Fibres.
Mossy Fibres.
Neuronal activity of deep cerebellar circuits
Feed forward inhibition of purkinje cells.
Feed forward inhibition of Granule cells.

Feed back inhibition of Granule cells.

The reverberating circuits.
Neuronal activity of deep cerebellar nuclei.
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22. Thursday, October 30, 2025

23. Afferents of cerebellar cortex.
Climbing Fibres.
Mossy Fibres.
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24. Neuronal activity of deep
cerebellar neuclei.
Cerebral cortexmotor pathway.
spinal cord.
Thalamus brainstem nuclei.
Deep cerebellar nuclei.
Climbing fibres, mossy fibres.
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25. Connections of cerebellum.
Cerebellar Peduncles..
Inferior

Afferents
Dorsospinocerebellar.
External arcuate fibres.
Vestibulocerebellar
tract.
Oliocerebellar tract.
Reticulocerebellar
tract.
Middle.

Afferents. – cerebro-pontine
– cerebellar.
Superior

Afferent –
Tectocerebellar
Ventral spinocerebellar

Efferent –
Dentorubral
Dentothalamic
Mid-brain.
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26. Thursday, October 30, 2025

27. Afferent connections
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract. (external)
Ventral spinocerebellar tract. (Internal)
Cuneocerebellar tract.
From accessory cuneate N.
Olivocerebellar tract.
From brainstem, SC, cortex
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28. Afferent connections
Cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract.
Tectocerebellar tract.
From superior colliculi (visual impulses)&
inferior colliculi (auditory impulses)of tectum
of mid brain.
Vestibulocerebellar tract. (position &
movement of head)
Rubrocerebellar tract. ( from motor cortex )
Reticulocerebellar tract.
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29. Localization of sensory
impulses to cerebellum.
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30. Efferents connections.
Dento-rubro-thalamo-
cortical pathway.
Cerebello-thalamic-
cortical pathway.
Cerebelloreticular
pathway.
Cerebellovestibular
fibres.
Cerebello-olivary fibres.
Oculomotor nerve &
tectum.
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31. Thursday, October 30, 2025

32. Functions of cerebellum.
Control of body posture & equilibrium.
Control of muscle tone & stretch reflex.
Control of voluntary movements.
cerebellum may also have non-motor functions
such as cognition (acquisition of knowledge)
and language processing.
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33. Control of body posture &
equilibrium.
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34. Control of muscle tone &
stretch reflex.
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35. Control of voluntary movements.
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36. Mechanism of action.
Comparator function.
Damping action.
Timing & programming the movements.
Control of ballistic movements.
Servomechanism.
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37. Comparator function.
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38. Other functions of cerebellum.
Autonomic system (through Hypothalamus &
reticular formation.)
Ascending sensory pathway. (through reticular
formation & thalamus)
Eyeball movements. ( through vestibular
nuclei)
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39. Thursday, October 30, 2025

40. Cerebellar lesions.
Causes
Vascular occlusions (thrombosis)
Tumor
Injuries.
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41. Signs of cerebellar dysfunction.
Tone & posture disturbance
Atonia or hypotonia
Attitude changes.

Rotation of face to opposite side

Lowering of shoulder.

Outward rotation & abduction of leg.
Deviation movements.
Effect on deep reflexes. (weak & pendular)
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42. Signs of cerebellar dysfunction.
Equilibrium disturbance. (drunken gait)
Movements disturbance.

Ataxia
Intention tremors
Nystagmus.
Dysarthria.
Astasia.
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43. Clinical tests of cerebellar
dysfunction.
Upper limb

Finger nose test
Diadokinesia.

Rebound phenomenon.
Past pointing.
Lower limb.

Rombergs test.
Tandem gait.
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44. Tests .
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45. Thank
You