1607500607.plate tectonics ppt lesson grade 10

plate tectonics lesson in science

1. Pate Tee ICS
Evolution of the Earth

2. •Volcanoes and hotspots
•Earthquakes
•Tectonic plates
•Tectonic motion
•Reconstruction of the Earth s
history

3. 5,200 km 6,371 km
(3,200 mi) (3,959 mi)

4. Solid iron inner core
(5 I 50-6370 km)
Crust
(0-40 km)
Liquid iron outer core
(2891-51SO km)
Mantle
(40-2891 km)
(c)

5. crust or man e ote earf
.•The hot, liquid rock will break through weak spots
in the surface and form volcanoes or flood
basalts.
•Many volcanoes do not release lava, instead they
spit ash and small bits of lava called lapilli.
•Some eruptions are quiet with very fluid (low
viscosity) lava flows while others are explosive

6. Quiet
lava
flows

7. Mt. St. Helen before the explosive eruption

8. 6
8:32:47.0
7
8:32:53.3
8
8:33:03.7

9. _./ r)j r_;sl (Jr_) 8
rj
Time lapse of the
eruption

10. Mt. St. Helen after the eruption

11. MSl«l5_MOVIE_dome_from_sugarbowl_06-16_to_08-!6-
0S_c00l)ressed
Mt. St. Helens begins the rebuilding
process

12. Volcano
Crater
Main Vent
Caldera
Magma Chamber
Lava Flow

13. 'llijjfw9----
(Aolt8ftlll0oll)
StrttlQ -
[layet$)

14. From McDougal Littell Power point
resources
A cinder cone is made up
of loose rock fragments
and cinders that form as
gas-rich magma erupts.
A shield volcano
is made up of
many layers of
low-silica lava.
A composite volcano
consists of layers of
erupted rock
fragments and cooled
flows of high
­ silica
lava.

15. 1509 Holocene and Active Volcanos
go• -i=:t==J:==i=f=l::t"'T1F111"Fn--
r:tl ::.:c... ET':I
60°
30·
o· --..--,..--------:,
-30° -t-1t:::ll--f--7f'CTHH±*.t t:jp#i""t-=t::::t=;::t--r.:;t:et--+--+-+--+-
1'+-.P..-60· -F-l-+1--J---++-..ti..---1..;-,.-..+--,..r..-~-1--t.-....l11;;:b::l !
tf=f-H_;
-go· ...,.......1==:=aj,......--1==!:::::=+-----+===t"""""--+===:!::=1o..-=...=.
i,...,."""""===11
o· 30•50• go• 120· 1so· 1ao· -
1so·-120· -go• -60· -3o·o·
ijj t.Ii am Jan s 1s:3654 ! Stn• Gaa Kdiquidistant Cylindrical Pl"Oject ion

16. the earth.
•This only occurs where the earth is solid
and therefore can only occur within about
100 miles of the surface
•Earthquakes provide the best evidence
regarding the interior structure of the
Earth.

20. Wave fronts

21. Normal faults form as rocks are pulled apart.
Photo from: McDougal Littell Power Point resources.

22. Reverse faults form as rocks are pushed together.
Photo from: McDougal Littell Power Point resources.

23. Strike-slip faults form as rocks are pushed horizontally in opposite directions.
Photo from: McDougal Littell Power Point resources.

24. (a) P-wave motion
Slip on fault
Compressional T
wave-
(b) $-wave motion
Slip on fault
\.
Shear-
wave crest
Vvavedire

25. Seismograph
Core
0 10 20
Minutes
30 4
0
50
p s I
- ---- I
Surface
waves
-j lj jl

26. colum
npushed
up
ttt
t
Seafloor
- _.;..-.-=t',rMotion of
fault block
Tidal waves or Tsunamis result when a large section of the
sea floor suddenly moves and therefore displaces a massive
amount of water.

27. No
wavemoo
on
Shallow
­
waterwave
s
Depch<; C
and Ldepend
ondepth only;
h1i.,t11
lnctNNS
--- tntermedale
waves
C and L decfea9e u
depthctet,eues,
height ll'ICf88888
Dept
h
t
Oep4h >; Cand La,e
constanl and depend on
wave period, T. onty,
height .constant
Tidal waves or Tsunamis result when the low amplitude long wavelength waves
reach the shallow shoreline and begin to feel the bottom of the sea floor. This
Shortens the wavelength and increase the amplitude (height).

28. Crust.al Plate Boundaries ii'.: j CoasUines, Political Boundaries
Location of worldwide earthquakes

29. Global Seismicity (1910 - 99, magnitudes >= 4.5)
9
o· C:::::'.:+=::::...:r:;,::_-::,:._r 7--,-7,-7r-
T':;;.i-:.:.
:-
ii---:J
-75°
..go•-...,
,.
....,_--1--...i.--""""'---+m
,,
--
I
+---...... ---1---1-----1---11
75•-"tl-llP
so·
45• · ·
30° 4----:,c=z:.:
15°.-
o·
-1 s·
-3o·-w== :TI!
-45•
-60·
--· "t....,...
60°
Depth: Red <100km;
Purple: 100--300 km;
Black: > 300 km;
120·1so·1so·.1so·-
120·
_30•o·
Earthquakes by depth.
Notice that the deep earthquakes occur only at subduction zones.

31. South
Americ
a--
·"". !'\
" ..;
.•
1
-
Afric
a
Our first evidence of tectonic motion is based on similar fossils and
rock types on opposing sides of the ocean

32. Afric
aSouth
D ContJnental
shelf□ Matching
ancient
rock assemblages

33. Today plate boundaries are determined by examining the
location of volcanoes and earthquakes.
Volcanoes result from the friction (heat) of the plates
motion.
Earthquakes occur where plate rub against one another

34. Euf'21.i2n
Pbu
E1,1r.ua,
P'tau.
.
a
0.
--
".
"."".'.
'-'"""'
l,m.,.
Philippi"'
bbnd"<
,-..,cl,-•
""" _,,,..,...
A.n.itoli:i.n
Plate
.......lea
M11.!w.
·. -
Ba.d,Oo
f>ed Caribbe.mG«da
Ptu. \ Pi
t:,,
f
-
N
,,
a
.
z
,
a
.
i
;;, .
.
•
S...lh
Am........
Pl;,,.
I
e-.n,., \.
,...--

35. Global Seisrnicity (1910 - 99, magnitudes >= 4.5)
go•
s=
75°
60°
45°
30°
15° •
o·
-30• -H+'-, ;;,;4
45•
-600
-75°
-90•.....,--m1---m1---...---t->--a1am--
a1---.....--...... --m1---,+,a--
aj,,a,--mll
' '
30°so·90° 120·1so·1so·-1so·-120°.go• -60° -30° o'
Depth: Red <100km;
Purple:100-- 300 km;
Black: > 300 km;

36. Crust.al Plate Boundaries ii'.: jCoasUines, Political Boundaries

39. Another source of
evidence is based
on seafloor ages
which get younger
as we approach
sea floor ridges
-30°
30• 60" 90" 120• 1so
•
1so
0
21o·
-
330"o·
67.7 83.S
Age (Ma)
120.◄131.9 I·•
126.7139.6I S4.l

40. Our final piece of
evidence is the
magnetic record of
the ocean floor.
This shows the
pattern of reversal
and we find a near
perfect mirror image
on opposing sides of
the ridge
t
1
Narm11UrtmR
n
o
pa.burD
RtlftfDlll1J1111tc
.polilll
t1-
Mld-DcElllolcrld,gBI;.·:::::; :;=;;=:!;;:::
Lidlo.,...,e
0
001jITT.dk!
L I(!.ft @ISDllJtil,ltlOC
5l(Jll!J

41. •Crust -soliatively low density silicate rock
•Mantle -Semi fluid, denser, mafic (iron and
magnesium bearing) rocks
•Core -Liquid then solid iron and nickel with traces
of heavier elements

42. •It turns out that the upper section of
the mantle is adhered (stuck to the
underside side of the crust to form
what we call tectonic plates

43. one
another
•Divergent -plates move away
from each other
•Transform -plate moves sideways
from each other

44. Transform
TRANSFORM
PL.ATE ROUNOARY
-untOSPHEAE-
ASTHENOSPHERE
ASTHENOS,PHE
RE
I
OCEANJC
CRUST
MANTl.
E
Converg
ent
USGSGrnphlc
s

45. "'-'•"li-,,.!r;,_-::
-
Plate
Diverlt /
plate
boundary
\
Convergent Transform
/
Convergent
plate bou\a::;ebo\ry
1
ary
i
Oceanic
Volcano spreading
Volcano
Island
arc
--1 ridge
Trench
- --
-
.k" CM1
Continental rift zone
(young plate
boundary)
""
Subducllng
plate
Continental
crust
f-
--
Hotapot
o''6
,
-
Continental crust
Ancient OCNllic
crust
Continental-continental convergence
Oceanic
crust
,,
-
-
---J
'-"'__
/
Continental
CtUSt
Oceamc-conlinental convergence

46. Dlve_r-
gtiJlt
boundaries
Divergent Convergent
boundary b
dary
ou
n
----....1.r--_l
"AsthMospher
/e
(a) (bl

47. CONVERGENT BOUNDARY:
prate subduction Continental
lithosphere
Mountain
building
Deep-sea trench
L
•
Dis!ributlon
of earthquakes

48. (b)
JapanTrench
-
I
Tibetan Plateau

49. Continantal
--
c
...
r
...
u
..
st
Lltho.sphete
...LithOSphere
----.
.....
Asthenosph•r• '- ndent oce•nlc CflJlt

50. The only subduction zone
in the Atlantic

51. 243,458 mag>=l events from04/19/197S • SIZT/19?5, Central Japao
4s• --- =-- -- -=---==i,..,,.;.;:;,--,=,i
Looking at the depth of
earthquakes shows
that angle that the
plate is being subducted
3s•1---=1- +•
132• 134• 13s• 13s•
140· 142· 144• 14s•
14s•
e
-100
'&.200
-300 +- -+- -+-................- - -
1--.---
+-
.
.
Longltuct.
132134136138140142144146148
lf4',11JU3011:131ohz..einiofy.,p«1Q._Jip..

53. w
..
o
-
u
-
o
.-
Q
·
c
-
tAH
·-
nooa
'

54. 40'N
30'N
20'N
10'N
....:,:
"
....;q.,..:
:-<
, -
,..:,:---
;,'
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I
-:- -.,
go·w
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so·
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2000
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,-;,,; --:.1
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o·
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Mar2013

56. Dlver nt
boundarl $
Tran$form fault
boundary
. /
Astheflospher
e
(b
)

57. San Andreas
Fault

59. The Forces That cause Plate Tectonics
Image source: h14>://pubs.usgs.goY/publlcatiOl'ls/t
dvnam1e.html
Ridge
&p\)Ll"IUthosphere
Trench "'s'-"'
-..--
Mantle
/
- ..,
.
)
I
Outer core
core

60. movement of the
plates.-Slab pull
•The sinking of the cooled dense oceanic plates pulls on the rest
of the plate
-Ridge rises
•The material deposited on the top of the ridge slides downs from
the rise pushing on the plate
-Convection
•Movement within the mantle could be part of the driving force
behind the motion of the plates.

61. 160
"
40'°
20°
20•
40"

62. The break
up of
Pangea
PEIIMIAN
Ub mlloon _,
tfO
JURASSI
C135million yea,1•oo
CRETACEO
USes m,11onyt1,.ego

63. We appear to be headed for another super
continent as North America,
South America, Asia and Australia converge
in the ever shrinking Pacific Ocean

64. http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a
thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a
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