1stQ WEEK 3 LAS PERDEVEOPMENT topic 1.pptx

module 3 in personal development

1. PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT WEEK 3

2. MELC: 1. Discusses developmental tasks and challenges being experienced during adolescence (Esp-Pd11/12-Ic-3.1) 2. Evaluates one’s development through the help of significant people around him/her (peers, parents, siblings, teachers, community leaders. (Esp-Pd11/12DS-Id-3.2)

3. LESSON: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE In this lesson we will deal the various developmental tasks undergo by an individual focusing on the particular changes in every stage. Moreover, understand the ways and solutions to take of becoming a better person in life.

4. TOPIC 1: Developmental Tasks and Challenges Experienced During Middle and Late Adolescence Adolescent – a young person going through enormous changes in life: changes in body & appearance (size, proportion & shape; intellectual abilities and adaptation to public expectation about his/her behaviour.

5. Adolescence is defined as the period between the normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood. In the Oxford English Dictionary, the origin of the word adolescence was from late Middle English (as a noun) and was derived via French from Latin adolescent, which means ‘coming to maturity’. Other derivation of the word the same origin is adolescere , from ad- ‘to’ + alescere ‘grow, grow up’, from alere ‘nourish’.

6. The transition period between childhood and early adulthood is quite difficult. This is the most crucial stage because this is the time when teens start defining themselves. Remember, however, that each adolescent’s experiences, individual changes, and growth vary.

7. Erikson believed that each stage of life is marked by a specific crisis or conflict between competing tendencies. If individuals know how to negotiate each of these hurdles successfully, they can develop in a normal and healthy way of life.

8. During this phase, adolescents must integrate various roles into a consistent self-identity. If they fail to do so, they may experience confusion over who they are.

9. Developmental Stages Characteristics 1. Pre-natal (Conception to birth ) Age when hereditary endowments and sex are fixed and all body features, both external and internal are developed. 2. Infancy (Birth to 2 years) Foundation age when basic behavior is organized and many ontogenetic maturation skills are developed. 3. Early Childhood ( 2 to 6 years) Pre-gang age, exploratory, and questioning. Language and elementary reasoning are acquired and initial socialization is experienced. 4. Late Childhood (6 to 12 years) Gang and creativity age when self-help skills, social skills, school skills, and play are developed.

10. Developmental Challenges of Adolescence Adolescence is the transition period between childhood and early adulthood– the most rapid stage of human development.

11. According to World Health Organization (WHO), it is a period of life with specific health and development needs and rights. It is also a time to develop knowledge and skills, learn to manage emotions and relationship, and acquire attributes and abilities that will be important for enjoying the adolescent years and assuming adult roles.

12. Cambridge Dictionary defines developmental as relating to the process of growing or changing into a more advance, larger and stronger form,

13. while challenges is defined as something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a person's ability.

14. The challenges the adolescents are facing occur during the development of his/her biological, cognitive, and physiological, spiritual and moral aspects.

15. Early Adolescence Middle Adolescence Late Adolescence Biological Challenges Developmental changes and the onset of puberty as indicated by growth spurt. Development of body shape Physical changes from puberty continue Transition as the young person consolidates his identity and comes to grips with his future.

16. Early Adolescence Middle Adolescence Late Adolescence Psychological Challenges Concrete thinking, but early moral concepts Development of sexual identity Possible of sexual preferences; peer interest The concrete thinking, but early moral concepts; progression of sexual identity development The awakening of heterosexuality Complex abstract thinking; identification of difference between law and morality Feeling himself / herself a completer and more separate person Development of personal identity

17. Early Adolescence Middle Adolescence Late Adolescence Social Challenges Start of strong peer identification His group activities are primarily with members of his own sex. The first tentative interest and approach towards the opposite sex usually takes place. The awakening of heterosexuality that often disrupts previous peer groupings and intimate friendships. Form and maintain truly intimate relationships with others whose beliefs, ideals, and motives he can see and respect as clearly as he does his own. Development of vocational capability and financial independence’

18. Early Adolescence Middle Adolescence Late Adolescence Behavioral Challenges His behavior may temporarily show a disorganized, erratic quality along with a decreased willingness to accommodate the expectations of his parents and others Wide mood swings and periodic bouts of feeling ill-treated and unloved may dominate his emotional life. This is the stage when adolescent rebellion starts Period of irritability, wide mood swings, and rapidly changing feelings He is more able to be selective and discriminating in his relationships

19. Human Development It focuses on human growth and changes across the life span, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth. The study of human developmental stages is essential to understanding how humans learn, mature and adapt throughout their lives, human go through various stages in development. By understanding these changes, we can better respond and plan ahead effectively.

20.   Early Adolescence (Ages 10-12) Middle Adolescence (Ages 13-15) Late Adolescence (Ages 16-18)   Developmental Task   Learning an appropriate sex role Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating Developing concepts necessary for everyday living Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values Achieving personal independence Developing acceptable attitudes toward society Physical puberty continues during this stage Voice cracking (lower voice) Become interested in romantic and sexual relationship (Crush and dating) Being self-reliant Enjoy going social party with friends More arguments with their parents Has a better sense of self Gradually more emotionally stable Great concern for others Planning for marriage and family life  

21. Quiz no. 5 Part I – Multiple Choice Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer. (1 point each)

22. Which of the following is considered a developmental task during adolescence? Starting a business Developing a mature sense of identity Retiring from work Learning to ride a bike

23. 2. Which of the following best describes a common challenge faced by adolescents? Childhood play Peer pressure Retirement planning Job security

24. 3. Preparing for a future career during adolescence is an example of: Emotional challenge Academic burden Developmental task Leisure activity

25. 4. Which of these is an emotional challenge often experienced by adolescents? Changing diapers Learning to walk Experiencing mood swings Organizing an office meeting

26. 5. Establishing close relationships outside the family is part of which task? Early childhood goals Social developmental task Old age preparation None of the above

27. Part II – Identification Directions: Identify whether the following is a Developmental Task or a Challenge. Write your answer on the blank. (1 point each)

28. 6. ___________ Managing peer pressure 7. ___________ Preparing for a job 8. ___________ Developing independence from parents 9. ___________ Struggling with body image 10. ___________ Exploring personal identity

29. Answer Key Part I – Multiple Choice B B C C B Part II – Identification 6. Challenge 7. Developmental Task 8. Developmental Task 9. Challenge 10. Developmental Task

30. CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE Physical Development Changes Observed: Boys & Girls: Rapid growth of bones and muscles. Oilier skin and some acne. Boys: Growth of underarm, facial and chest hair and deepening of voice. Girls: Growth of underarm hair, breast budding and beginning of menstruation

31. CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE Cognitive Development Growth/Development: Dramatic shift in thinking from concrete to abstract. Appreciate hypothetical situation. Ability to think about future, evaluate alternatives and set personal goals.   Changes Observed: Become more independent Take on increased responsibilities such as babysitting, summer jobs, or household chores Shift their focus from play-centered activities to academics Begin to consider future careers and occupations. Begin to develop social conscience; manifest concern about social issues. Develop sense of values and ethical behaviour, recognizing the importance of traits such as honesty, helpfulness, caring for others.

32. CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE Emotional Development Growth/Development: Establish identity, new cognitive skills, ability to reflect on who they are and what makes them unique. Changes observed: Different ways of appearing, sounding and behaving increased social relationship Recognize and manage emotions Develop empathy, learn to resolve conflict constructively. Develop cooperative spirit

33. CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE S ocial Development Peers Group Center of social world shifts from family to friends. Peer group tends to be same-sex Strong desire to conform to and be accepted by a peer group. Peer groups gradually give way to one-on-one friendship and romances. Peer group tends to be gender-mixed Dating begins Less conformity and less tolerance of individual differences Series of intimate relationships begin to develop

34. CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE S ocial Development Family Increasing conflict between adolescents and their parents. Family closeness is most important. Protective factor against high-risk-behaviour. Family influence is in balance with peer influence

35. CHANGES DURING ADOLESCENCE S ocial Development Behavioural Development Shaped their identities Tried out their new decision-making skills. Develop realistic assessments of them. Gained peer acceptance and respect (Ponton, 1997; Jessor , 1991)

36. CHALLENGES OF LATE ADOLESCENCE Physical Development Most girls have completed the physical changes related to puberty by age 15. Boys are still maturing and gaining strength, muscle mass, and height and are completing the development of sexual traits.

37. Emotional Development May stress over school and test scores. Is self-involved (may have high expectations and low self-concept). Seeks privacy and time alone. Is concerned about physical and sexual attractiveness. May complain that parents prevent him or her from doing things independently. Starts to want both physical and emotional intimacy in relationships. Experiences of intimate relationships

38. Social Development shifts in relationship with parents from dependency and subordination to one that reflects the adolescent’s increasing maturity and responsibilities in the family and the community, Is more and more aware of social behaviors of friends. Seeks friends that share the same beliefs, values, and interests. Friends become more important. Starts to have more intellectual interests. Explores romantic and sexual behaviors with others. May be influenced by peers to try risky behaviors (alcohol, tobacco, sex).

39. Mental Development Becomes better able to set goals and think in terms of the future. Had a better understanding of complex problems and issues Starts to develop moral ideals and to select role models.

40. Developmental Tasks of Adolescence THE DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS SUMMARY TABLE

41. Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5) Middle Childhood (6-12) Adolescence (13-18) Learning to walk Learning to take solid foods Learning to talk Learning to control the elimination of body wastes Learning sex differences and sexual modesty Acquiring concepts and language to describe social and physical reality Readiness for reading Learning to distinguish right from wrong and developing a conscience Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary games Building a wholesome attitude toward oneself Learning to get along with agemates Learning an appropriate sex role Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing, and calculating Developing concepts necessary for everyday living Developing conscience, morality, and a scale of values Achieving personal independence Developing acceptable attitudes toward society Achieving mature relations with both sexes Achieving a masculine or feminine social role Accepting one’s physique Achieving emotional independence of adults Preparing for marriage and family life Preparing for an economic career Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior Desiring and achieving socially responsibility behavior

42. Early Adulthood (19-30) Middle Adulthood (30-60) Later Maturity (61+) Selecting a mate Learning to live with a partner Starting a family Rearing children Managing a home Starting an occupation Assuming civic responsibility Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults Achieving adult social and civic responsibility Satisfactory career achievement Developing adult leisure time activities Relating to one’s spouse as a person Accepting the physiological changes of middle age Adjusting to aging parent Adjusting to the decreasing strength and health Adjusting to retirement and reduced income Adjusting to death of spouse Establishing relations with one’s own age group Meeting social and civic obligations Establishing satisfactory living quarters

43. PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES: A summary chart AGE CONFLICT IMPORTANT EVENTS OUTCOME INFANCY (birth to 18 months) Trust vs. Mistrust Feeding Hope EARLY CHILDHOOD (2 to 3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Toilet Training Will PRESCHOOL (3 to 5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt Exploration Purpose

44. AGE CONFLICT IMPORTANT EVENTS OUTCOME SCHOOL AGE (6 to 11 years) Industry vs. Inferiority School Confidence ADOLESCENCE (12 to 18 years) Identity vs. Role Confusion Social Relationship Fidelity YOUNG ADULTHOOD (19 to 40 years) Intimacy vs. Isolation Relationships Love

45. AGE CONFLICT IMPORTANT EVENTS OUTCOME MIDDLE ADULTHOOD (40 to 65 years) Generativity vs. Stagnation Work and Parenthood Care MATURITY (65 to DEATH) Ego Integrity vs. Despair Reflection on Life Wisdom

46. I n the eight stages of Psychosocial Developmental Theory of Erik Erikson, Identity vs. Role Confusion (this stage is the age between 12 to 18 years old) explains that adolescents would try to explore and figure out their own identity and try to fit in with social interactions at the same time.

47. According to Erikson, an adolescent’s main task is developing a sense of self. Adolescents struggle with questions “Who am I?” and “What do I want to do with my life?”

48. Most of the adolescents try to explore various roles and ideas and look for a place where they can fit, set goals, and attempt to discover themselves.

49. As an adolescent who is entering the stage of adulthood, you are responsible for your own being. Accepting yourself and ensuring your body’s physical health help you build stronger personality and sense of identity.

50. Likewise, building a strong relationship with your family and showing affection and respect to others can improve interactions with them. Establishing social responsibility, moreover, develops personal and moral values to guide you on how to react to social issues.

51. Some years ago, Professor Robert J. Havighurst of the University of Chicago proposed that stages in human development can best be thought of in terms of the developmental tasks that are part of the normal transition.

52. In his developmental tasks theory, he stressed out that when people successfully accomplish the developmental tasks at a stage, they feel pride and satisfaction. He defines developmental task as a task that arises at or about a certain period in life, unsuccessful achievement of which leads to inability to perform tasks associated with the next period or stage in life.

53. Havighurst identified eleven Developmental Tasks of Normal Adolescence associated with the adolescent transition. However, he believes that adolescence do not progress through these multiple developmental tasks separately because adolescence tasks may vary with early, middle, and late periods of the transition.

54. Developmental Tasks of Adolescence Early Adolescence   Middle Adolescence   Late Adolescence to Early Adult Life Developing self-concept Self-evaluation of their physical acceptability Achieving personal independence Developing acceptable attitudes toward society Learning to get along with peers   Emergence of new thinking skills Accepting one's physique Increase self-direction Achieving psychological independence Achieving mature relations with both sexes Achieving a masculine or feminine social role Achieving emotional independence of adults Establish psychological independence from one’s parents Acquiring values and an ethical system to guide behavior Desiring and achieving socially responsible behavior Preparing for adult roles and making preliminary decisions and vocational goals Preparing adult life Crystallize their vocational goals Establish sense of personal identity Psychologically independent from their parents Shift to adulthood is nearly complete Preparing for marriage and family life Preparing for an economic career  

55. Thank you!  “Every day is a chance to discover more about yourself.”

56. Quiz No. 6 Part I – Multiple Choice (1 point each)Choose the letter of the correct answer. What type of developmental change involves growth spurts and hormonal changes?  Emotional  Cognitive  Physical  Social

57. Adolescents begin to think abstractly and reason logically. This is an example of:  Physical change  Social change Cognitive change Emotional change

58. Which of the following is a sign of emotional development?  Developing muscles  Understanding one’s own feelings Making new friends Learning algebra

59. Increased desire for independence and peer acceptance is an example of:  Social change Physical change Cognitive change None of the above

60. Which domain is most directly related to mood swings and self-awareness? a. Physical b. Emotional  c. Social  d. Cognitive

61. Part II – Identification (1 point each)Identify what kind of change each item describes: Physical, Cognitive, Emotional, or Social __________________ A teen develops facial hair and deeper voice. __________________ A student begins to think about future careers.

62. ___________ Feeling embarrassed easily or becoming more self-conscious. ___________ Building closer friendships or having romantic interests. ___________ Learning how to solve complex problems using logic.

63. Enumeration: (11-18) Give the 8 stages of Psychosocial Developmental Theory of Erik Erikson. Cannot be interchange.

64. Identification: Complete the sentence to make the statement correct. Psychosocial Developmental Theory was studied by ___________________. ___________________ a task that arises at or about a certain period in life, unsuccessful achievement of which leads to inability to perform tasks associated with the next period or stage in life.

65. Answers Key: Part I – Multiple Choice C C B A B

66. Part II – Identification 6. Physical 7. Cognitive 8. Emotional 9. Social 10. Cognitive

67. Infancy Early childhood Pre-school School age Adolescence Young adulthood Middle adulthood Maturity

68. Erik Erikson Developmental Task