2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXT STRUCTURE .pptx

English for Academic and Professional Purposes

1. Using Knowledge of Text Structure to Glean Information English for Academic and Professional Purposes

2. 1. Identify the structure of academic text; 2. Differentiate structures of academic text; and 3. Create an academic text that can be applied to a text structure Learning Targets:

3. Match the definition in column A to the term in Column B. Column A Column B 1. It is the meaning of the word “logic”. A. description 2. It refers to the signal word for cause and effect. B. text structure 3. It creates a picture in the mind of the readers. C. beginning – middle - end 4. It is the organization of text in a passage. D. order 5. It is the basic structure of a story. E. due to

4. Text Structure Every student should understand that a text should present its details and main ideas. Text structure helps them to organize a written text, giving its cause and effect, or its different views. Text structure refers to organization of information in a passage.

5. Common Types of Text Structure Chronological Order Spatial or Description Cause and Effect Comparison and Contrast Problem-Solution 1 4 2 3 5

6. Spatial or Description - It gives a reader a detailed feature that creates a picture on his/her mind about a topic. Spatial organization is when information in a passage is organized in order of space or location. - Spatial organization can also be called as descriptive writing .

7. Spatial or Description - It can also be used in fiction and non-fiction. - Even if narration style of writing is usually arranged chronologically, if the author is describing a setting of a certain scene, the author is describing it spatially.

8. Example of Spatial or Description Volcanoes can be a source of fear and destruction. Even though volcanoes are like pressure valve in the inner earth, they are very beautiful sights. One of the parts of the volcanoes that cannot be seen all the time is its magma chamber. It is beneath the earth’s bedrock and is very hot. Conduit is the one that runs from the magma chamber to the crater, which can be seen at the top of the volcano. The crater is where the magma exits. Volcanoes are very scenic yet very dangerous.

9. Cause and Effect - It presents the relationship between specific events, ideas, or concepts. - Cause and effect is one way of organizing information in a text. It explains reasons why something happened. It can be ordered as cause to effect or vice versa. It is generally used in expository and persuasive writing modes.

10. Example of Cause and Effect Many people think that they can acquire illness by going into cold weather improperly dressed. However, illnesses are not caused by temperature. They are caused by germs. So, trembling outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your immune system, but you are more likely to acquire illness outdoors because you will greatly be exposed to germs.

11. Comparison and Contrast - gives the similarities and differences between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, and the like.

12. Example of Comparison and Contrast Mangoes and durians are both fruits. They both have seeds inside of them. Each has a skin, but durian skins are thick and difficult to peel. Mango skins are thinner and peel easily. Durians have distinct stench while mangoes have sweet smell, but both fruits are delicious.

13. Chronological Order - It explains a text by the time an event occurs. - Chrono means time and logic means order. - The events occur along a timeline even if the author uses flashbacks, or flash forwards. All stories are organized chronologically, therefore, every story has a beginning, middle, and end.

14. Chronological Order Non-fiction stories organized chronologically usually contain dates while fiction passages or narratives usually have no dates. A narrative or story is a journey through time, and all of the events are arranged in order of time. Stories require the passage of time. Sometimes, time will stop in a narrative.

15. Example of Chronological Order This morning was pretty crazy. My brother woke up really late because of wrong setting of alarm. He just wore any clothes and ran out the door. He rode his bike as fast as he could with the thought that he was going to be late for sure, but when he got there everyone was outside and there were fire trucks all lined up in front of school. He guess somebody pulled the fire alarm before class started. It worked out though, because nobody really noticed or minded that he was tardy.

16. Problem- Solution - mentions a problem or problems, identifies some possible solutions and discusses the effect of the solution This type of text is usually interchanged with cause and effect type of structure but the only thing that they should remember is that cause and effect text structure do not offer a solution. This mentions a problem and then offers a solution plus the possible effect of a solution.

17. Example of Problem- Solution Bullying has been prevalent these days. These encounters make it hard for children to develop confidence and high self-esteem. Fortunately, bullying has been noticed and is being addressed by many sectors of the community. However, these efforts are not enough. The most effective way to stop bullying is by nurturing and inculcating good manners and right conduct within families.

18. TRUE OR FALSE 1. Text structure is how information within a written text is organized. 2. Comparing is all about differences. 3. Contrasting is all about similarities. 4. Spatial is also called description. 5.Cause and effect explains reasons why something happened.

19. TRUE OR FALSE 6. Chronological comes from the words “chrono” and “logic” 7. Comparison and contrast is only about giving similarities. 8. Chronological order is the arrangement of events beginning with a flashback. 9. Description creates a picture in the mind of the readers. 10. Chronological order can only be used in fiction

20. Identify what is being described in the following statements. Write your answer on the space before each item 1. This type of text examines the similarities and differences between two or more people, concepts, ideas, etc. 2. This type of structure sets up a problem or problems explains solutions and then discusses the effects of the solution. 3. This type of text structure features a detailed description of something to give a reader a mental picture. 4. It is the basic pattern of a story. 5. Two words when combined means order of time.

21. Identify what is being described in the following statements. Write your answer on the space before each item 6. This word means order. 7. This word means time. 8. A text structure that explains reasons why something happened. 9. It is organized by the time an event occurred. 10. It refers how information was organized in a passage.

22. Independent Assessment Read and analyze the paragraph in each number.(next slides) Fill out the given graphic organizers with the correct information based on the given paragraph.

23. 1. Comparison and Contrast Whales and sharks are animals that both live in water. They both have fins and can swim underwater. However, whales have hairs and needs to come on the surface of the water to breathe air while sharks have scales on their skin. Aside from that, whales give birth to their young ones. Sharks on the other hand lay eggs. They also have specialized gills that enable them to breathe underwater

24. 1. Comparison and Contrast

25. 2. Chronological Order Khaiden was born in Bulacan until he was five years old. Next, he moved to Makati City. He stayed there until he graduated Senior High School. Then he went away to Manila to get his college diploma. He stayed there for six years until he finished his course in engineering and passed his licensure examination. After getting his license he went back to Bulacan and started his career as an engineer.

26. 2. Chronological Order

27. 3. Cause and Effect Students are not allowed to have their cellular phones during classroom discussion unless needed because it causes distraction and disable students to concentrate in class. Furthermore, some students use phones to bully other students by taking unnecessary pictures and videos.

28. 3. Cause and Effect

29. 4. Problem-Solution There is an increasing nitrogen monoxide emission in the environment. This contributes to global warming that leads to climate change that has a drastic effect in our life. To prevent this, we are encouraged to use renewable source of energy such as windmill and solar energy. In addition, communities were urged to recycle their waste materials

30. 4. Problem-Solution

31. Thanks! Do you have any questions? Please keep this slide for attribution