21st century Literature from the Philippines and the World

This is a short powerpoint discussion for 21st century literature subject for the senior high school subject.

1. Review:

2. TYPES OF CONTEXT

3. SESSION LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

1. identify and explain the linguistic, socio-cultural,
biographical and philosophical context and how they
enhance the text’s meaning and enrich readers’
understanding;

2. situate the text in the context of the region and the
nation; and

3. ~ the 22 of context with the text’s

4. What is LINGUISTIC CONTEXT?
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According to David Richter, “Practically
everything we do that is specifically
human is expressed in language.’ This is
why literary texts can be read through

? the context of the language used to
write the text as well as the way
language is used in the text.

5. What is LINGUISTIC CONTEXT?

This literary reading adheres to Roland
Barthe's famous maxim, “The author is
dead”. Reading through a linguistic
context focuses on the language used
in the literary work and how it is used
to conveying the meaning.

6. Why reading
LITERATURE
through the
LINGUISTIC
CONTEXT?

7. Here are some reasons to read literature through
the LINGUISTIC CONTEXT:

y Reading the text on its own, regardless of the
author’s biography and sociocultural context, may
help you understand the literary text through

analyzing the words sentences, patterns, imagery,
etc. of the text.

y Analyzing the literary text's grammar, syntax, or
phonemic pattern may help you find the meaning
of the text within its form and may help you
interpret it by simply analyzing the content of the

8. What are the
Strategies you may
use to read a text
through
LINGUISTIC
CONTEXT?

9. The following are some strategies you may use
to read the text through the linguistic context:

O Analyze the diction or choice of words in the
text.

Q Examine the text's syntax or use of
sentences, clauses, phrases, etc.

Q Observe the use of figurative language.

Q Analyze the mood and the tone of the text.

Q Observe the text's overall structure.

Q Analyze the content of the text.

10. What is SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT?

Aside from understanding a literary text
through Linguistic Context, it is also
important to note the year or period it was
written. Readers would be able to identify the
historical events that took place in that year.

^ We would also find out the roots of an
event s cause and the reasons behind the
character's motives and interests.

11. What is SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT?
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According to the critic Wilbur Scott, “Art is not
created in a vacuum; it is the work not simply of a
person, but of an author fixed in time and space,
answering a community of which he is an
important, articulate part.” In reading using the
sociocultural context, you will examine the
factors that affect the writing of the literary text
and how the work was received by the readers
during the time it was written.

12. Why reading
LITERATURE
through the
SOCIOCULTURAL
CONTEXT?

13. Here are some reasons to read literature through the
SOCIOCULTURAL CONTEXT (Gioia and Kennedy 2007):

Y Reading using the sociocultural context helps
you understand the social, economic, political,

and cultural forces affecting the work that you
are reading.

y Analyzing the sociocultural context of the text
makes you examine the role of the audience
(readers) in shaping literature.

14. How can we
analyze a text
through a
sociocultural

context?

15. Here are guide questions that you may answer when you are
reading literature through the sociocultural context:

1. What is the relationship between the characters or the speakers
in the text and their society?
2. Does the text explicitly address issues of gender, race, or class?
How does the text resolve these issues?
3. Who has the power? Who does not? What is the reason for this
setup?
4. How does this story reflect the nation? What does this say about
the country and its inhabitants?
5. Who has the economic or social power? Is there oppression or
class struggle? How do the characters over come this? Does money
or finances play a large role in the narrative?
6. What is the prevailing social order? Does the story or poem

ept or challe it?

16. Don't Forget
When reading a text or writing a critique through the
sociocultural context, set aside your personal political
ideologies. Say for example, if you greatly believe that
boys should only like girls and vice versa, it should not
hinder you from analyzing a text using the queer

theory in an objective way. Your personal ideologies
may lead you to overread the text according to what
you believe in even if the text is not related to your

political inclinations. Do your best to be unbiased in

17. What is Biographical CONTEXT?

While it is important to know the characters in a
literary text, it is also essential for readers to
understand the author’s background. Through
studying the author, they may be able to connect
the characters and their morals to the author’s life,
and analyze the patterns of behavior shown
between and among the characters, the author, and
the reader himself. Afterall, it is through getting

to know others that we also get to know ourselves

18. Why reading
LITERATURE
through the
BIOGRAPHICAL
CONTEXT?

19. There are reasons to read literature through
the biographical context (Gioia and Kennedy
2007):

e Understanding the author's life can help

you understand his or her work thoroughly.

e Reading the author's biography or
autobiography helps you see how much his
experience shape his or her work directly and

20. What are the
Strategies you may
use to read a text

through
BIOGRAPHICAL
CQNTEXT?

21. Here are biographical strategies that you may
use:

“Research on what the author believes in and
also what he or she does not.

“Analyze how the author’s belief system is
reflected in his or her work.

“Look at the author’s other works and analyze
if there is a pattern with regard to the theme

22. Don't Forget
Take note of the following before reading a text
through a biographical context:

> You should not assume that all works are
confessional, biographical, or even “true to life.”

>A literary text is according to the author's
perspective and will be heavily influenced
by him or her, but it is not the only way of

23. What is Philosophical CONTEXT?
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Contemporary authors consciously or
subconsciously address the same
questions that have captivated humanity’s
attention ever since we became
prosperous enough to have the time and

4 energy to think about them: “What is the
nature of the universe?” and “What is the
individual’s proper response to the

24. What is Philosophical CONTEXT?

Included in the first category (metaphysics) are
secondary questions about whether it has a
purpose or meaning, if it ever didn’t exist or if it
will ever stop existing, if it had a creator and, if so,
whether he or she or it is still involved or
interested and whether benign, malefic, or
indifferent, and any other questions you can
imagine by replacing the word universe with
something else (humanity, life, death, thought,

25. What is Philosophical CONTEXT?

Included in the second category
(ethics) are all questions of

morality and behavior, pleasure
! and pain, fate and free will,
“kindness and cruelty, and anything
else concerning human actions.

26. What are the
Strategies you may
use to read a text
through
PHILOSOPHICAL
CONTEXT?

27. Here are philosophical strategies that you
may use:

«Determine which philosophical trends the
author admires, and which he or she is
rejecting.

“+ Find at least one work that explains the
philosopher's ideas, whether it is written
by the philosopher or by someone else

28. Don't Forget
Pala is an activity of the
intellect where, using argument and
clarification, we strive to reach

conclusions about the nature of
existence. It employs discussion and
debate to build on past argument.

29. To sum it up...

Text refers to the words which are
written, while context is the
surroundings of the text, whether it
is created within the text or
describing the situation of
author's life in which the
text was written.

30. Linquistic context looks into the discourses that
surround the language used, which may help in
determining and interpreting characterization and
mood.

Socio-cultural context depicts the society in which
the literary work is written. It may include the
strength, weaknesses, and changes occurring in
the society during the period in which
the literary work is set, and the

è connection between the society
a d the time when the text is written.

31. Biographical context is context about
the author's life and perspective.

Philosophical context is an approach
which focuses on themes, views of the
world, moral statements, and the

aaek's philosophy. It also explains
! the nature of good and

evil of the society.

32. Why is context important in
writing?

The role of context is to bridge
the gap between authors and
their audiences, strengthening
readers’ comprehension and
preventing miscommunication of
the writer’s intent. It’s not
enough to know that a particular
event is occurring—readers also
need context to know why.