3.schools of muslim law

Muslim Law | Bangladesh
ARNAB KUMAR DAS
Port City International University,
Chittagong, Bangladesh.
SID: LLB 00305037

1. Schools of Muslim LawSchools of Muslim Law
““Difference of opinion among my community Difference of opinion among my community
is a sign of the bounty of Allah”is a sign of the bounty of Allah”
-Prophet Muhammad.-Prophet Muhammad.

2. There are two main schools in Muslim law, There are two main schools in Muslim law,
as the Sunnies and Shias. Both the as the Sunnies and Shias. Both the
segments are divided into sub-schools. The segments are divided into sub-schools. The
Sunni school can be divided into four sub-Sunni school can be divided into four sub-
schools as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi and Hanbali. schools as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi and Hanbali.
Shia school of thought can be divided into Shia school of thought can be divided into
three as Ismaila, Zaydia and Ithana Asharia.three as Ismaila, Zaydia and Ithana Asharia.

3. 
Hanafi School: Hanafi School:

Hanafi School of thought is accepted as the Hanafi School of thought is accepted as the
most influential and important School. Imam Abu most influential and important School. Imam Abu
Hanifa was the founder of this school. The Hanifa was the founder of this school. The
school was named after him as Hanafi School. school was named after him as Hanafi School.

The main features of this school are:The main features of this school are:

1. Less reliance on traditions unless their 1. Less reliance on traditions unless their
authority is beyond any doubt;authority is beyond any doubt;

2. Greater reliance on Qiyas;2. Greater reliance on Qiyas;

3. A little extension of the scope of Ijma;3. A little extension of the scope of Ijma;

4. Evolving the doctrine of Istishan, i.e., applying 4. Evolving the doctrine of Istishan, i.e., applying
a rule of law as the special circumstances a rule of law as the special circumstances
required.required.

4. 
However, his teachings were not liked by the However, his teachings were not liked by the
Caliphs and so they throw him into prison. As so Caliphs and so they throw him into prison. As so
supposed they poisoned him to death. He was supposed they poisoned him to death. He was
held in such respect that his funeral prayers as held in such respect that his funeral prayers as
reported was said for 10days and 50000 people reported was said for 10days and 50000 people
attended it on each day.attended it on each day.

The muslims of India, Afghanistan and Turkey The muslims of India, Afghanistan and Turkey
are Hanafis. Also in Egypt, China and Arab-they are Hanafis. Also in Egypt, China and Arab-they
principally found. He left his two disciples Abu principally found. He left his two disciples Abu
Yusuf and Imam Mohammod.Yusuf and Imam Mohammod.

So we can say that he was the founder of the So we can say that he was the founder of the
theories and principles of Muslim Jurisprudence.theories and principles of Muslim Jurisprudence.

5. 
Mailki School:Mailki School:

The Mailki School of law was founded by Imam The Mailki School of law was founded by Imam
Malik bin Anas. He was born in Medinah. Imam Malik bin Anas. He was born in Medinah. Imam
Malik was a judge. He wrote a book named al-Malik was a judge. He wrote a book named al-
Muwata (the Leveled Path). The pupils of Imam Muwata (the Leveled Path). The pupils of Imam
Malik included Imam Muhammad and Imam Malik included Imam Muhammad and Imam
Shafi. Though, Medina was the birthplace of the Shafi. Though, Medina was the birthplace of the
Maliki School and from there spreadout the Maliki School and from there spreadout the
Hijaz, North Africa and Spain. It is still Hijaz, North Africa and Spain. It is still
predominant in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and predominant in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and
Tripalitania, the Sudan, Bahrain and Kuwait.Tripalitania, the Sudan, Bahrain and Kuwait.

6. 
Shafi School:Shafi School:

The third school was founded by Imam al Shafi who was The third school was founded by Imam al Shafi who was
a disciple of Imam Malik. He was a great thinker, had an a disciple of Imam Malik. He was a great thinker, had an
unusual grasp of principles and a clear understanding of unusual grasp of principles and a clear understanding of
the judicial problems.the judicial problems.

His most famous pupil was Ahmad-ibn-Hanbal.His most famous pupil was Ahmad-ibn-Hanbal.

This School is followed in many parts of Egypt, Syria and This School is followed in many parts of Egypt, Syria and
Lebanon (particularly in the city of Beirut) and also in Lebanon (particularly in the city of Beirut) and also in
Iraq, Pakistan, India, Indo-China, Java and among the Iraq, Pakistan, India, Indo-China, Java and among the
Sunni inhabitants of Iraq and Yemen. It is predominate in Sunni inhabitants of Iraq and Yemen. It is predominate in
Palestine and Jordan.Palestine and Jordan.

7. 
Hanbali School:Hanbali School:

This School was founded by Imam Ahmed bin This School was founded by Imam Ahmed bin
Hanbal who was born Bagdad. Imam Hanbal did Hanbal who was born Bagdad. Imam Hanbal did
not establish a separate school himself; this was not establish a separate school himself; this was
rather done by his disciples and followers.rather done by his disciples and followers.

The Hanbali was the most conservative of the The Hanbali was the most conservative of the
four schools. Its rigidity and intolerance four schools. Its rigidity and intolerance
eventually caused its decline over the years. eventually caused its decline over the years.
Today, Hanbali school is followed only in Saudi Today, Hanbali school is followed only in Saudi
Arabia. This school is very strict in the Arabia. This school is very strict in the
observance of religious duties.observance of religious duties.

8. 
Now to cope with this changing aspect of Now to cope with this changing aspect of
Islamic society, particularly in the light of new Islamic society, particularly in the light of new
facts, specialists in the field of Islamic law facts, specialists in the field of Islamic law
asked to give their decisions using the asked to give their decisions using the
traditional tools of legal science. Such a traditional tools of legal science. Such a
decision is called decision is called fatwafatwa and the religious and the religious
scholar who gives this decision is called a scholar who gives this decision is called a
mufti.mufti.

9. THANK YOU ALL.THANK YOU ALL.
MAY GOD BLESS YOU.MAY GOD BLESS YOU.

10. THANK YOU ALL.THANK YOU ALL.
MAY GOD BLESS YOU.MAY GOD BLESS YOU.