3A Sacred Texts in Islam ISRA (The Qur'an)

3A Sacred Texts in Islam ISRA (The Qur'an)

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a) Structure, Revelation
b) Collection and Preservation
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2. Hadith
a) Reason for Hadith
b) Compilation
c) Examining Hadith extracts
d) Sunni-Shiite Differences

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In this topic, students will,
Specific for SoRand SaC
P4 examine significant aspects of religious traditions
P5 describe the influence of religious traditions in the life of adherents
P8 use appropriate terminology related to religion and belief systems

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types of revelations with
increasing order of importance
can be deduced:
1. Natural Laws -YHUVHVRI
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His design the sky, and it had
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2. Animal instincts Inspiration to
animals to achieve purposes
greater than what animals can
work out, plan and implement
themselves.
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the mountains and in the trees
and in what they erect. Then eat of
all fruits and follow the ways of
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There comes forth from their
bellies, a drink of varying colour
wherein is healing for men. Verily
in this is indeed a sign for people
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3. Inspiration to human heart Divine
guidance through human conscience,
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4. Formal revelation to an appointed
Messenger. This is the highest form of
revelation.
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speak to him except by inspiration or
from behind a veil, or by the sending of a
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permission, what God wills for He is Most
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According to Islam, God has
spoken to humanity through
divine revelation compiled
in holy books of various
lengths throughout human
history.
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as We have inspired Noah
and the Prophets after
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revealed four major holy books:
?The Torah to Moses
?The Psalms to David
?The Gospel to Jesus
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confirming what came before it. And
he sent down the Tawrat(Torah) and
the Injeel*RVSHO4XUDQ
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of
?114 chapters (surah)
?6238 verses (ayah)
?604 pages (suhuf)
?30 equal parts (juz)
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means the 10
th
chapter and 5
th
verse

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There are four key themes
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throughout the whole book:
1.Monotheism
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His existence and unity.
?The concept of God and
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mentioned in many places in
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2. Prophethood
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for prophets, their
responsibilities and struggles in
the way of God.
?It does not tell stories of
prophets in great length, rather,
it highlights the essential aspects
of their stories that point to the
essential principles of life and
humanity.
?Sometimes, a particular story is
examined from more than one
angle to indicate different
aspects and principles.

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3. Resurrection
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resurrection by directing our
attention to the continued
resurrection that happens around
us in nature.
?It also describes details of life after
death.
4. Justice
?Every commandment of God
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humanity to find the Sirat-al
Mustaqeem(the straight & balanced
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life.
?Islam also enjoins an endeavourto
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emotions, thought, beliefs and
devotional and social conduct.

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lowest heaven in Ramadan
?Then revealed in parts over
23 years to the Prophet
Muhammad
?Through the Angel Gabriel
?Trance-like state
?He was conscious during
revelation
?Sometimes revealed as a
single verse or a collection of
verses or a complete chapter
?Not revealed in the same
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?Followed the trajectory of the
evolving Muslim Community
?To prepare the Prophet for
something
?In response to an incident
or question
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major holy books were revealed
to previous Messengers
?Torah to Musa (Moses)
?Zabur(Psalms) to Dawud
(David)
?Injeel(Gospel) to Isa (Jesus)
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?Muslims believe Allah
has spoken to humanity
through Divine
Revelation before
?Muslims believe the
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same as that revealed
to the Prophet
Muhammad

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over the 23 years of the mission of
the Prophet Muhammad.
?The manner of revelation was
various:
?The revelation would come either in a
trance or a dream or the visitation of
the angel Gabriel.
?He described that he would hear
sounds similar to the ringing of bells.
?He would have visible signs of trance
with his body sweating and getting
heavy.
?He was conscious throughout the
revelation.

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?There was no standard way the
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?Sometimes a single verse would be
revealed, sometimes a collection of
verses and sometimes a complete
chapter would be revealed.
?Although revelation did not come in
the current order of the book, it
followed the trajectory of the
evolving Muslim community.
?Revelation usually came either to
prepare the Prophet and Muslims
for an important event and
milestone or in response to an
incident or questions.

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?There is consensus among
Muslims that the present copy
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one that the Prophet
Muhammad passed on
immediately to his companion
Muslims during his lifetime.
?This position is usually justified
in terms of the strategy that the
Prophet Muhammad followed
and the deliberate actions taken
by the early Caliphs to preserve
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preserved in three
different ways during
the lifetime of the
Prophet Muhammad.
?Written records When
a new revelation was
received, he would recite
it to a scribe, who would
write it on a parchment,
animal skin or whatever
material they could find.

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?Systematic memorisationThe
Prophet asked his companions
to memorisepassages of the
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date. As a result, hundreds of
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by heart and thousands more
memorisedlarge chunks of it.
?A control mechanism Every
year in the month of Ramadan,
Prophet would recite the whole
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Muslims who in turn would
check their written copies and
what they knew by heart.

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?After the death of the Prophet
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collected into a volume within two
years in the tenure of Caliph Abu
Bakr.
?This volume was produced as a public
project and was managed by the chief
scribe of the Prophet, Zayd Ibn Thabit.
?Zayd was stipulated to get two
witnesses for each verse from the
companions.
?This volume was kept with Abu Bakr
and then with Omar
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wife of the Prophet.

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?Meanwhile, people relied
on their memorisation
abilities or produced their
personal copies of the
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?About 20 years after the
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tenure of 3
rd
Caliph Othman
disputes arose between
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should be recited.

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?Othman commissioned Zayd
once again to lead a committee
to produce standard copies of
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?Master copies were sent to
major centresand existing
copies were asked to be
destroyed.
?Two original copies survived to
today TopkapiPalace Museum
in Istanbul and in Tashkent,
Uzbekistan, Central Asia.

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?Radiocarbon dated to
568-645 AD (24 AH)
?Verified by Huffaz
(people who
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?Source: Ilmfeed.com,
2015

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the literal Word of God and that the
Prophet Muhammad had no part in its
authorship.
?His role was as a conveyor and teacher.
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are collected separately in hadith
books.
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word of God mainly because of the
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and literary eloquence while at the
same time the Prophet Muhammad
was an uneducated person who did not
know how to read or write.