4. Carpenter work Reciprocity involves giving back to the community, whether through sharing findings, providing resources, or contributing in meaningful ways.pptx

Reciprocity involves giving back to the community, whether through sharing findings, providing resources, or contributing in meaningful waysReciprocity involves giving back to the community, whether through sharing findings, providing resources, or contributing in meaningful waysReciprocity involves giving back to the community, whether through sharing findings, providing resources, or contributing in meaningful ways

1. 1 ADDIS ABABA SCINECE AND TECHNOLOGE UNIVERSITY College of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering General workshop practice (CEng2110 ) 4.Carpenter work Learning Outcomes(LO): After completion of this chapter, students will be able to: Identify the different types of woods/timber Identify the different types of tools, Machines and accessories for wood works Explain the role of carpenter in construction Lecture material by: Zemu Gina AASTU , Addis Ababa Ethiopia March 2024

2. What is Carpentry 2 Carpentry may be defined as the process of making wooden goods and components , roofs , floors, partitions, doors, etc., with the help of carpentry tools. It starts from a marketable form of wood and ends with a finished product. Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork , etc. Carpenters construct, repair, and install building frameworks and structures made from wood and other materials. Wood types Basically , there are three main types of wood Softwood : Pine, Spruce, Cedar, Redwood,... Hardwood : Merbau , Oak, Walnut, Ash, Beech, Mahogany, Maple,… E ngineered(i.e . manufactured) wood : Ply Wood, MDF ,… The basic differences between softwood and hardwood are as follows: The difference mainly emanates from the wood structure, grain patterns and density.

3. Wood types 3 Hardwood – Slow-growing , broad-leaved flowering species, Deciduous varieties, Seeds are produced inside a shell (like a fruit or nut) Dense grain, Generally more expensive, Mostly darker in color Low in sap content, Close grain, Heavy in weight and density, Good resistance to fire Softwood – Fast-growing , Evergreen – usually from the conifer, fir, and spruce family Needles instead of leaves Seeds are either uncovered or in a cone Less expensive Usually lighter in color and Light in weight and density High in sap content Loose grain Very poor resistance to fire

4. Wood Joineries 4 Methods of Joining : Gluing , screwing and nailing

5. Carpentry Tools 5

6. Carpentry Machines 6

7. The role of Carpenter in Construction 7 The Construction Carpenter will build, erect, install, and repair forms, structures, and other fixtures made from wood and other materials as needed to assist with various types of construction projects. In the following construction activities, carpenters play a great role . Site Setting Out Formwork and Falsework (Scaffolding) Partitioning walls, furniture and flooring tiles Roofing and ceiling Setting Out: It is a process of marking of a building position, size and shape in terrain. This task is usually undertaken once the site has been cleared of any debris or obstructions and any reduced level excavation work is finished. It is usually the responsibility of the contractor to set out the building(s) using the information provided by the designer or architect.

8. Materials &Tools Needed for setting out 8 Wooden Peg II. String for string lines III. Timber for ledger IV. Measuring tapes V. Hammers VI. Nails/nails VII. Marking equipment VIII. Calculators IX. Water level or sprit level X. T- square XI. Plumb bob

9. Stages in Setting Out 9 I. Determining the reference point/Base line: Baselines may be described as a straight line whose terminal are fixed in relation to some other detail . Baselines are found in a variety of forms . II. Location of building from a Baseline: The first line of the building is set out from the baseline of boundary pegs and the remainder of the building is then set out from this tertiary baseline.

10. Stages in Setting Out 10 Irregular shaped buildings : Turn into rectangle if possible

11. Stages in Setting Out III. Erecting Profile Boards: Profile Board is a board which is erected 0.9-1.2m away from the out side perimeter of the building. It used as temporary guides to sure the accurate setting out and construction of the building. 11

12. 12 Stages in Setting Out Types of profiles 1.Corner profiles: made of at least 3 pegs well driven in to the ground on which two boards are nailed. These are placed in each corner. 2. Partition wall profile:- made of two pegs well driven in to the ground to which a board is nailed and placed where partition wall are situated.

13. 13 3. Continuous Profiles:- are made of many pegs well driven in to the ground on which strong boards are nailed . This is placed around the building. Mostly applied when the building is complex & for architectural beauty . IV. Locating the building corners: A string line is fastened between the two ledges of the profile boards. The first and second corners of a the building is located along the string lines and using the offset given from the boundary line. The other two corners will be located using 3-4-5 method. Stages in Setting Out

14. 14 Stages in Setting Out To get a perfectly square corner, you want to aim for a measurement ratio of 3:4:5. In other words, you want a 3-m ( ft ) length on your straight line, a 4-m ( ft ) length on your perpendicular line, and a 5-m ( ft ) length across. If all three measurements are correct, you'll have a perfectly square corner.

15. Stages in Setting Out 15 V . Erecting the other Profile Boards: The other profiles are located using the previously located corner points and leveled to the highest ledger using Automatic leveler or tube leveler. Finally internal and external boundaries of walls and footings ate nailed on all ledges and strings are fastened between them 1-Centerline, 2-Plinth line 3-excavation line

16. 16 Formwork Formwork is the structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mould it to the required dimensions and support until it is able to support itself. It consists primarily of the face contact material and the bearers that directly support the face contact material.

17. 17 Scaffolding and False work

18. 18 Roofing and Ceiling

19. 19 The End! Thank You !!