425271278-Ielts-true-false-not-given-questions.pptx

ielts

1. Solving True False not given Questions

2. What do TRUE, FALSE and NOT GIVEN mean?  If the text agrees with or confirms the information in the statement, the answer is  TRUE If the text contradicts or is the opposite to the information in the statement, the answer is  FALSE If there is no information or it is impossible to know, the answer is  NOT GIVEN

3. What do TRUE, FALSE and NOT GIVEN mean?  True means that the meaning is the  same . It is just  similar  then it is  FALSE. Remember that we are dealing with factual information so there is no room to say it is  similar or nearly the same.  Just because an answer is  NOT GIVEN  does not mean there are no words in the statements that match words in the text.

4. What do TRUE, FALSE and NOT GIVEN mean?  This is something that confuses people, if words match then it must be  TRUE  or  FALSE,  right? Not really This is not a good way to think about these questions because there probably will be matching words for  NOT GIVEN  answers, they just don’t have enough information to answer the question  as a whole .

5. Top 10 Tips Ignore anything you already know about the topic and don’t make assumptions. Base your answers on the text only. Identify any words that qualify the statement, for example,  some, all, mainly, often, always and occasionally.  These words are there to test if you have read the whole statement because they can change the meaning. For example, ‘Coca-Cola has  always  made its drinks in the U.S.A.’ has a different meaning from ‘Coca-Cola has  mainly  made its drinks in the U.S.A.’

6. Top 10 Tips Be careful when you see verbs that qualify statements, such as  suggest, claim, believe and know.  For example, ‘The man  claimed  he was a British citizen,’ and ‘The man  is  a British citizen’ mean two different things. There will be  at least one  of all three answers. If you don’t have at least one ‘true’, ‘false’ or ‘not given’ you have at least one answer wrong. Don’t skim and scan the text to find the final answer. You will have to read the appropriate part of the text very carefully in order to understand what the author means.

7. Top 10 Tips Don’t look for words that exactly match those in the statements. You should also look for synonyms. Remember that you are  matching meaning, not words. If you can’t find the information you are looking for, then it is probably ‘not given’. Don’t waste time looking for something that is not there.

8. Top 10 Tips If you have no idea what the answer is put ‘not given’. You probably have no idea because the answer is not there. Answers are in the same order they appear in the text. Do not waste time going back. Keep on reading. YES/NO/NOT GIVEN questions are slightly different because they deal with  opinion . TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN questions deal with  facts

9. True, False, Not Given Strategy  Always read the instructions carefully and make sure you know if it is a TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN or YES/NO/NOT GIVEN question. Read all the statements carefully, trying to understand what the whole sentence means rather than simply highlighting keywords. Watch out for qualifying words such as  some or always.  Try to think of what synonyms might be in the text. This will help you identify the matching part of the text.  

10. True, False, Not Given Strategy  Match the statement with the correct part of the text. Focus on the statement again and then carefully read the matching part of the text to establish if it is true or false. Remember the meaning should exactly match that of the statement if it is true. Underline the words that give you the answer, this will help you focus and you can check back later. Again, be careful there are no qualifying words in the text.

11. True, False, Not Given Strategy  If you can’t find the answer, mark it as ‘not given’ and move on to the next question. If you are really unsure or can’t find the answer, mark it as ‘not given’.

12. Example 1 Look at this statement, taken from the first sentence in the reading below: “Chiles originate in South America and have been eaten for at least 9,500 years.”

13. Here are some example IELTS True False Not Given statements with answers: Chiles come from South America -  True People began eating Chiles in the last few centuries -  F alse South Americans were the first people to start eating Chiles -  Not Given

14. Analysis Number one  is clearly  true . Notice the use of the  synonym   'come from ' used instead of ' originates '. It is common to use different words. Two  is clearly  false  as it was 9,500 years ago, not a few 100 years ago. Three  is  not in the text . Be careful about making assumptions then thinking it is true. It is quite probable that South Americans began eating Chiles first as they originated there; however, you can't be sure of that and the text does not tell you that.

15. Chilies Chilies originate in South America and have been eaten for at least 9,500 years. Organised cultivation began around 5,400 BC. Christopher Columbus was the first European to encounter chilies, when he landed on the island of Hispaniola in 1492. He thought it was a type of pepper and called it the “red pepper”, a name still used today. After their introduction to Europe they were an immediate sensation and were quickly incorporated into the diet. From there they spread to Africa, India and East Asia. The reason for the chili’s “hotness” lies in a chemical called Capsaisin. Capsaisin causes temporary irritation to the trigeminal cells, which are the pain receptors in the mouth, nose and throat. After the pain messages are transmitted to the brain, endorphins, natural pain killers, are released and these not only kill the pain but give the chili eater a short lived natural high. Other side effects include: an increased heart rate, a running nose and increased salivation and sweating, which can have a cooling effect in hot climates.

16. The reason for the presence of Capsaisin is thought to be to deter animals from eating the fruit. Only mammals feel the burning effects; birds feel nothing. As birds are a better method of distributing the seeds, which pass intact through their guts, Capsaisin would seem to be a result of natural selection. The smaller chilies tend to be the hottest. This may reflect the fact that they tend to grow closer to the ground and are therefore more vulnerable to animals. The heat of a chili is measured on the Scoville scale. The hottest types such as the Habenero and the Scotch Bonnet rate between 100,000 and 300,000, the world famous Tabasco sauce rates at 15,000 to 30,000, about the same as the Thai prik khee nu, while the popular Jalapeno is between 5,000 and 15,000. Powdered chili is 500 to 1,000 and the mild capsicins and paprikas can range between 100 and 0.

17. Questions: Chilies became popular as soon as they were brought into Europe. 2. Capsaisin causes significant damage to the mouth. 3. Chilies can be part of a birds diet.  4. All large chilies grow high off the ground.  5. People breed chilies for their heat. 

18. IELTS True False Not Given - Answers Discussion Question 1 Chilies became popular as soon as they were brought into Europe -  True After their introduction to Europe they were an immediate sensation and were quickly incorporated into the diet. There two statements are clearly saying the same thing. Notice the use of synonyms: Became popular = sensation As soon as = immediately Brought into = introduced

19. Question 2 Capsaisin causes significant damage to the mouth. -  False Capsaisin causes temporary irritation the trigeminal cells. This is false as the statement says ' significant damage '. This is not the same as a ' temporary irritation '.

20. Question 3 Chilies can be part of a birds diet -  True Only mammals feel the burning effects; birds feel nothing. As birds are a better method of distributing the seeds, which pass intact through their guts This is true as this section in the reading clearly tells us birds feel nothing (when they eat them) and they distribute them around when it leaves their body. So clearly chilies are eaten by birds. In other words, they can be a part of a birds diet.

21. Question 4 All large chilies grow high off the ground -  Not Given The smaller chilies tend to be the hottest. This may reflect the fact that they tend to grow closer to the ground and are therefore more vulnerable to animals. We are told here that small chilies grow closer to the ground. It can be assumed then that many of the large ones are higher off the ground. However, it says ' all large chilies '. We are not given any information to say  all of them  grow high off the ground. It's possible some don't, so we don't know which means it is  Not Given .

22. Question 5 People breed chilies for their heat -  Not Given The heat of a chili is measured on the Scoville scale. Again, this is Not Given. We are given some information about heat in this sentence and those that follow. But these are just descriptions about how they are hot. We are not told specifically that this is the reason they are breeding them.

23. UN  warns over impact of rapidly ageing populations The world needs to do more to prepare for the impact of a rapidly ageing population, the UN has warned - particularly in developing countries. Within 10 years the number of people aged over 60 will pass one billion, a report by the UN Population Fund said. The demographic shift will present huge challenges to countries' welfare, pension and healthcare systems. The UN agency also said more had to be done to tackle "abuse, neglect and violence against older persons". The number of older people worldwide is growing faster than any other age group. The report, Ageing in the 21st Century: A Celebration and a Challenge, estimates that one in nine people around the world are older than 60. The elderly population is expected to swell by 200 million in the next decade to surpass one billion, and reach two billion by 2050. This rising proportion of older people is a consequence of success - improved nutrition, sanitation, healthcare, education and economic well-being are contributing factors, the report says .

24. But the UN and a charity that also contributed to the report, HelpAge International, say the ageing population is being widely mismanaged. "In many developing countries with large populations of young people, the challenge is that governments have not put policies and practices in place to support their current older populations or made enough preparations for 2050," the agencies said in a joint statement. The report warns that the skills and experience of older people are being wasted, with many under-employed and vulnerable to discrimination. HelpAge said more countries needed to introduce pension schemes to ensure economic independence and reduce poverty in old age. It stressed that it was not enough to simply pass legislation - the new schemes needed to be funded properly.

25. The UN report used India as an example, saying it needed to take urgent steps in this area. Almost two-thirds of India's population is under 30. But it also has 100 million elderly people - a figure that is expected to increase threefold by 2050. Traditionally, people in India live in large, extended families and elderly people have been well looked after. But the trend now is to have smaller, nuclear families and many of the country's elderly are finding themselves cast out, says the BBC's Sanjoy Majumder in Delhi. There are more and more cases of physical and mental abuse, including neglect, suffered by the elderly at the hands of their families. It is slowly becoming a widespread social problem, particularly in urban areas, one which India still has not got to grips with, our correspondent says.

26. By contrast, the UN report cited the case of Bolivia as an example of good practice in the developing world. All Bolivians over the age of 60 get a pension that is the equivalent of about $30 (£19) a month. Bolivia suffers from frequent flooding and landslides, and older people there have been organised into " Brigadas Blancas " - White Haired Brigades. They help with preparations for emergencies, and accessing humanitarian aid .

27. Questions The growth of the elderly population is going to make it extremely difficult to provide adequate social service provision Approximately thirty per cent of the population are over 60 years old Developed countries are much better prepared than developing countries for 2050 

28.   4 .More financing is necessary to ensure new pension schemes are successful 5 . Elderly people in India are not always being looked 6.  India is starting to deal with the neglect of its elderly populationafter as well as they were in the past  7 . Bolivian Families look after their elderly relatives better than any other developing countries

29. Answer  Discussion 1.  The growth of the elderly population is going to make it extremely difficult to provide adequate social service provision -  TRUE Social services are things such as welfare benefits, pensions and health, so this statement is the same as this in the reading: The demographic shift will present huge challenges to countries' welfare, pension and healthcare systems. 

30. Question 2 2)  Approximately thirty per cent of the population are over 60 years old -  FALSE 30% is not the same as one in nine, so the text contradicts the statement: A Celebration and a Challenge, estimates that one in nine people around the world are older than 60. 

31. Question 3 3)  Developed countries are much better prepared than developing countries for 2050 –  NOT GIVEN In the reading, we are told that developing countries are not prepared.  This does imply that developed countries are better prepared. However, do you know if they are  much  better prepared? It is quite possible they are much better prepared compared to developing countries so we can’t say for sure it is false.  We don’t know as the information is not given.  "In many developing countries with large populations of young people, the challenge is that governments have not put policies and practices in place to support their current older populations or made enough preparations for 2050," the agencies said in a joint statement.

32. Question 4 4)  More financing is necessary to ensure new pension schemes are successful –  TRUE The above statement means the same as this sentence which was written in reference to pension schemes: It stressed that it was not enough to simply pass legislation - the new schemes needed to be funded properly.

33. Question 5 5)  Elderly people in India are not always being looked after as well as they were in the past –  TRUE These parts tell us the same thing as above:  Traditionally…people have been well looked after. But…many of the country's elderly are finding themselves cast out.

34. Question 6 6)  India is starting to deal with the neglect of its elderly population – FALSE You will often need to understand synonyms in the reading test. ‘Deal with’ means the same as ‘get to grips with’. This sentence tells us India is NOT dealing with its problems, so the information in the text contradicts the statement: …one which India still has not got to grips with, our correspondent says.

35. Question 7 7)  Bolivian Families look after their elderly relatives better than any other developing countries –  NOT GIVEN You may have chosen ‘true’ here, but the paragraph does not tell you if Bolivian families are the best of  all  developing countries. It's held up as a good example and is better than India but there could be others: By contrast, the UN report cited the case of Bolivia as an example of good practice in the developing world. It’s quite possible they are the best, but we don’t know. We can’t prove it from the reading so it is ‘not given’.

36. Thank you